Compassion magnifies third-party punishment.
Compassion magnifies third-party punishment.
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DOI：
10.1037/pspi0000165
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发表时间：
2019-04
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Stefan Pfattheicher;C. Sassenrath;J. Keller
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Stefan Pfattheicher;C. Sassenrath;J. Keller
过去几十年的研究提供了压倒性的证据，表明同情心可以促进多种行为来减少他人的痛苦。在这方面，同情心被描述为一种卓越的亲社会倾向，可以促进各种社会情境中的帮助行为。通过目前的贡献，我们对同情心应用了不同的视角。基于正义应得理论，我们认为，当其他人遭受不公正行为时，对受苦者的同情可能会助长对造成痛苦的人的有害倾向（即第三方惩罚）。在研究 1a 到 1f 中，我们研究了发生不公正痛苦的各种情况（即恐怖袭击、性侵犯、强奸儿童和战争），并记录了对受苦受害者的同情与对造成痛苦的人的惩罚倾向之间的正相关关系。应用研究 2 至研究 6 中各种范式的实验方法，同情心被证明会增加第三方惩罚。其他分析显示，(a) 这种增加的发生是因为同情心加剧了道德义愤，这反过来又预示着第三方惩罚（研究 2 至 6），以及 (b) 当痛苦是由高（相对于低）不公正行为引起时，同情心只会促进第三方惩罚（研究 5）。总体而言，本研究从不同的角度讨论同情心，因为考虑了同情心的有害后果。从同情心和第三方惩罚的基础研究的角度以及社会的角度讨论了其意义。 （PsycINFO 数据库记录 (c) 2019 APA，保留所有权利）。
The last decades of research have provided overwhelming evidence that compassion fosters a vast range of behaviors toward reducing suffering of others. In this regard, compassion has been described as a prosocial tendency par excellence, fostering helping behavior across a variety of social situations. With the present contribution, we apply a differentiated perspective on compassion. Building on just deserts theory, we argue that when other individuals suffer from unjust actions, compassion for the suffering individuals can foster harmful tendencies toward those who caused the suffering (i.e., third-party punishment). In Studies 1a to 1f, we examined a rich variety of situations in which unjust suffering occurs (i.e., terrorist attacks, sexual assaults, rape of children, and war) and documented a positive relation between compassion for suffering victims and punishment inclinations toward those who caused the suffering. Applying an experimental approach using various paradigms in Studies 2 through 6, compassion was shown to increase third-party punishment. Additional analyses revealed that (a) this increase occurs because compassion intensified moral outrage, which in turn predicted third-party punishment (Studies 2 to 6), and (b) compassion only fosters third-party punishment when suffering was caused by high (vs. low) unjust acts (Study 5). Overall, the present research discusses compassion in a different light in that harmful consequences of compassion are considered. Implications are discussed from a perspective of basic research on compassion and third-party punishment as well as from a societal perspective. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).