Corporal punishment as a stressor among youth
Corporal punishment as a stressor among youth
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体罚是青少年的压力源
DOI：
--
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发表时间：
1996
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
D. Finkelhor
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
H. Turner;D. Finkelhor
这篇文章讨论了父母体罚对青少年心理健康的影响。目前的研究使用了全国青年受害预防研究（NYVPS）全国代表性样本，包括10 - 16岁的1，042名男孩和958名女孩。基于压力过程框架，我们研究：（a）的影响，体罚的频率经历的青少年10 - 16岁的心理困扰和临床相关的抑郁症和（B）的调节影响，父母的支持体罚和心理结果之间的关联。控制社会人口因素和身体虐待，我们的研究结果表明，体罚的频率和心理困扰和抑郁症之间存在正相关。虽然痛苦是最大的频率较高的惩罚，该协会也存在于低和中度体罚。体罚和父母支持之间的相互作用也很明显，表明在父母支持程度高的情况下，经常惩罚相对于不体罚的影响更大。体罚是指"为了纠正或控制儿童的行为，使用身体暴力，意图造成儿童疼痛，但不是伤害"（Straus Donnelly，1993年，第420页）。父母对子女的体罚是我们社会中的一种规范的纪律形式。事实上，打孩子的屁股和耳光不仅被认为是可以接受的，而且通常被认为是非常有效和非常必要的。Straus（1991）发现，84%的全国成年人样本同意“有时候，狠狠地打屁股是必要的。"拒绝对儿童使用体罚的父母被视为过于宽容和无效----实质上是"可怜的"父母（卡森，1986年）。与这些规范相一致，几乎所有的父母都对其幼儿进行体罚（Straus，1991年，1994年）。虽然体罚的发生率随着儿童年龄的增长而下降，但即使到了青春期，体罚的发生率仍然很高。最近，Straus和Donnelly（1993）发现，几乎一半的儿童在青春期早期经历过父母的体罚。此外，据报告，青少年每年遭受体罚的平均频率为4次。施特劳斯和唐纳利认为，这可能是一个下限估计，因为它只包括来自父母一方的惩罚。体罚作为儿童压力源各种负面的健康和行为结果表明，涉及体罚的行为对儿童有压力。体罚最著名的结果是它增加了受惩罚儿童的暴力行为（Larzelere，1986; Lefkowitz，Eron，Walder，& Huesmann，1977; Maurer，1974; Parke & Slaby，1983; Straus，1991）。例如，Straus（1991）发现，受到"普通"体罚的儿童攻击兄弟姐妹的可能性是从未受到体罚的儿童的3倍。同样，Larzelere（1986年）报告说，在几个年龄组的儿童中，体罚的频率与攻击行为之间存在线性关系。虽然大多数关于体罚影响的研究都集中在儿童的攻击性上，但也有关于体罚对行为和健康的其他负面影响的报道。例如，一些研究将体罚与儿童抑郁症联系起来（Holmes & Robins，1988; Maurer，1974; Straus，1994）。Bryan和Freed（1982）发现，童年时期受到体罚的大学生表现出几种长期影响，包括朋友更少，消极的社会交往频率更高，以及抑郁和焦虑水平升高。同样，Straus和Kaufman-Kantor（1994）发现，青少年时期遭受的体罚与酗酒问题、抑郁症状和自杀念头呈正相关。…
This article addresses the impact of corporal punishment by parents on the psychological well-being of youth. The present research used the National Youth Victimization Prevention Study (NYVPS nationally representative sample of 1,042 boys and 958 girls, ages 10-16. Based on a stress-process framework, we examine: (a) the effects of frequency of corporal punishment experienced by youth ages 10-16 on psychological distress and clinically relevant depression and (b) the moderating influence of parental support on the associations between corporal punishment and psychological outcomes. Controlling for sociodemographic factors and physical abuse, our findings indicate a positive association between the frequency of corporal punishment and both psychological distress and depression. Although distress is greatest at higher frequencies of punishment, the association is also present at low and moderate levels of corporal punishment. An interaction between corporal punishment and parental support was also evident, showing that the impact of frequent punishment relative to no corporal punishment was greater in the context of high parent support. Corporal punishment or physical punishment refers to "the use of physical force with the intention of causing a child pain, but not injury, for purposes of correction or control of the child's behavior" (Straus Donnelly, 1993, p. 420). The corporal punishment of children by parents is a normative form of discipline in our society. In fact, spanking and slapping children are not only considered acceptable, but generally believed to be highly effective and quite necessary. Straus (1991) found that 84% of a national sample of adults agreed that a "good, hard spanking is sometimes necessary." Parents who refuse to use corporal punishment on children are viewed as too lenient and ineffective--in essence, "poor" parents (Carson, 1986). Consistent with the these norms, almost all parents use corporal punishment on their toddlers (Straus, 1991, 1994). While the prevalence of corporal punishment declines with the age of the child, it still remains high even into adolescence. Recently, Straus and Donnelly (1993) found that almost half of the children in early adolescence experience corporal punishment by a parent. Moreover, adolescents report being physically punished at a median frequency of four times per year. Straus and Donnelly suggest that this is likely a lower bound estimate, since it only includes punishment from one parent. CORPORAL PUNISHMENT AS A CHILDHOOD STRESSOR A variety of negative health and behavioral outcomes suggests that acts involving physical punishment are stressful for children. The most well-known outcome of corporal punishment is that it increases violent behavior by the punished child (Larzelere, 1986; Lefkowitz, Eron, Walder, & Huesmann, 1977; Maurer, 1974; Parke & Slaby, 1983; Straus, 1991). For example, Straus (1991) found that children who received "ordinary" corporal punishment were 3 times more likely to assault siblings than those who were never physically punished. Similarly, Larzelere (1986) reported a linear relationship, across several age groups of children, between frequency of corporal punishment and aggressive acts. Although most research on the effects of physical punishment has focused on child aggression, other negative effects on behavior and health have been reported also. For example, several studies related physical punishment to depression in children (Holmes & Robins, 1988; Maurer, 1974; Straus, 1994). Bryan and Freed (1982) found that college students who were physically punished in childhood manifested several long-term effects, including having fewer friends and a greater frequency of negative social interactions, as well as elevated levels of depression and anxiety. Similarly, Straus and Kaufman-Kantor (1994) found that corporal punishment experienced in teenage years was positively associated with drinking problems, depressive symptoms, and thoughts of suicide. …
影响因子：
5
作者：
GE, XJ;CONGER, RD;SIMONS, RL
通讯作者：
SIMONS, RL