Modeled interactive effects of precipitation, temperature, and [CO2] on ecosystem carbon and water dynamics in different climatic zones
Modeled interactive effects of precipitation, temperature, and [CO2] on ecosystem carbon and water dynamics in different climatic zones
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01629.x
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发表时间：
2008-09-01
影响因子：
11.6
通讯作者：
Rustad, Lindsey
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Luo, Yiqi;Gerten, Dieter;Rustad, Lindsey
多种全球变化因子对生态系统过程的影响是复杂的。在操纵实验中探索这些相互作用相对昂贵。我们进行了建模分析，以确定潜在的重要的相互作用，并刺激实验研究的假设制定。四个模型被用来量化气候变暖（T），改变降水量[加倍（DP）和减半（HP）]和季节性（SP，移动降水在7月和8月到1月和2月，以创建夏季干旱），和升高[CO2]（C）对净初级生产力（NPP），异养呼吸（R-h），净生态系统生产力（NEP），蒸腾和径流的相互作用。我们在七个生态系统中研究了这些反应，包括不同气候带的森林，草原和石南荒原。模拟分析表明，没有三种方式之间的相互作用T，C，和改变降水是实质性的碳或水的过程，也不一致的七个生态系统。然而，在T和C之间或T和DP之间，对NPP、R-h和NEP的双向交互作用效应通常是正的（即一个因子的效应被另一个因子放大）。模拟NPP在T和HP之间存在负交互作用（即一个因子的效应被另一个因子抑制）。T和HP对径流的交互作用为正。四对双向交互作用对植物蒸腾的影响为正效应，两对为负效应。此外，湿站点一般有较小的相对变化，净初级生产力，R-h，径流，蒸腾，但较大的绝对变化，净生产力比干燥的网站在响应的处理。模拟结果提出了新的假设，在多因子全球变化实验进行测试。同样，需要更多的实验证据来进一步改进生态系统模型，以便充分模拟复杂的相互作用过程。
Interactive effects of multiple global change factors on ecosystem processes are complex. It is relatively expensive to explore those interactions in manipulative experiments. We conducted a modeling analysis to identify potentially important interactions and to stimulate hypothesis formulation for experimental research. Four models were used to quantify interactive effects of climate warming (T), altered precipitation amounts [doubled (DP) and halved (HP)] and seasonality (SP, moving precipitation in July and August to January and February to create summer drought), and elevated [CO2] (C) on net primary production (NPP), heterotrophic respiration (R-h), net ecosystem production (NEP), transpiration, and runoff. We examined those responses in seven ecosystems, including forests, grasslands, and heathlands in different climate zones. The modeling analysis showed that none of the three-way interactions among T, C, and altered precipitation was substantial for either carbon or water processes, nor consistent among the seven ecosystems. However, two-way interactive effects on NPP, R-h, and NEP were generally positive (i.e. amplification of one factor's effect by the other factor) between T and C or between T and DP. A negative interaction (i.e. depression of one factor's effect by the other factor) occurred for simulated NPP between T and HP. The interactive effects on runoff were positive between T and HP. Four pairs of two-way interactive effects on plant transpiration were positive and two pairs negative. In addition, wet sites generally had smaller relative changes in NPP, R-h, runoff, and transpiration but larger absolute changes in NEP than dry sites in response to the treatments. The modeling results suggest new hypotheses to be tested in multifactor global change experiments. Likewise, more experimental evidence is needed for the further improvement of ecosystem models in order to adequately simulate complex interactive processes.