Ideological implications of addiction theories and treatment
Ideological implications of addiction theories and treatment
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DOI：
10.1080/016396299266470
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发表时间：
1999-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
Fox, KJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fox, KJ
政治意识形态隐藏在诸如疾病因果关系理论等表面上客观、科学的主张的争论之下。泰什（1988）将这些意识形态或价值观称为“隐藏的论点”，它们将科学和政策导向特定的事实组合。因此，干预和治疗是基于对个人和某些人群的本质的无意识假设（Patton 1990）。因此，对物质成瘾者的低级意识形态假设注入了常见的治疗方式。1换句话说，药物和酒精治疗方法意味着其治疗人群的特定特征。在本文中，我首先分析医疗实践背后的价值。考察了医疗行业所享有的专业垄断的作用，我考虑了有关成瘾病因和治疗的论述所采取的方向。具体来说，我关注的是鸦片类药物和酒精成瘾的“疾病”理论的后果。本文回顾了治疗这些“成瘾”的两种不同方法：嗜酒匿名疗法和美沙酮维持疗法。我认为，治疗的具体设计反映了目标用户群体的相关取向。有相似的成瘾理论，酒精治疗和美沙酮维持有不同的历史，这可能反映了他们的消费者的阶级构成。对治疗模型机制的分析表明，每个
Political ideologies lie beneath debates over such apparently objective, scienti c claims as theories of disease causality. Tesh (1988) called these ideologies or values ‘‘hidden arguments’’that direct science and policy toward a particular con guration of facts. Interventions and treatments are, thus, predicated on unconscious assumptions about the nature of individuals and certain populations (Patton 1990). As such, sub rosa ideological assumptions about those addicted to substances infuse common treatment modalities. 1 In other words, drug and alcohol treatment approaches imply particular characteristics of their treatment populations.In this article, I begin by analyzing the values behind medical practice. Examining the role of the professional monopoly enjoyed by the medical profession, I consider the direction that the discourse concerning addiction etiology and treatment has taken. Speci cally, I focus on the consequences of ‘‘disease’’theories of addiction to opiates and alcohol. 2 Two di erent approaches toward the treatment of these ‘‘addictions’’are reviewed: Acoholics Anonymous and methadone maintenance treatment. I argue that the speci c designs for treatment re ect the attendant orientations of the targeted populations of users. Sharing a similar theory of addiction, alcohol treatment and methadone maintenance have had diverse histories that may re ect the class composition of their consumers. An analysis of the mechanics of the treatment models reveals that each