Wielding the green stick: criminal enforcement at the EPA under the Bush and Obama administrations
Wielding the green stick: criminal enforcement at the EPA under the Bush and Obama administrations
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挥舞绿色大棒：布什和奥巴马政府时期环保局的刑事执法
DOI：
10.1080/09644016.2014.921453
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Melissa L. Jarrell
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Joshua Ozymy;Melissa L. Jarrell
美国环境保护署（EPA）对环境犯罪者的刑事起诉是该机构最具政治色彩但却鲜为人知的职责之一。通过对该机构2001 - 2011年刑事起诉的内容分析，我们对近1 000起案件进行了分析，以更好地了解在总统管理下刑事执法部门的结果是否以及如何变化。使用委托代理框架，我们的研究结果表明，总统做事项的执行结果。然而，更有意思的结论是，这些结果并不是极端不同的，这表明原子能机构能够在类似的预算限制下，按照原子能机构重视强有力执行的文化，驾驭各种政治原则往往相互冲突的指令。此外，我们发现，这种执法努力是非常有价值的，因为其中许多案件涉及严重和故意违反法律，对人类和环境造成重大损害。
The criminal prosecution of environmental offenders by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is one of the agency’s most politicised yet poorly understood responsibilities. Through content analysis of the Agency’s criminal prosecutions in 2001–2011, we undertook analysis of nearly 1000 cases to understand better whether and how the outcomes of the criminal enforcement division change under presidential administrations. Using a principal-agent framework, our results suggest presidents do matter for enforcement outcomes. Yet, the more interesting conclusion is that these outcomes are not extremely divergent, suggesting that the Agency is able to navigate the often conflicting dictates of various political principals, under similar budgetary constraints, and in step with an Agency culture that values strong enforcement. Moreover, we find that such enforcement efforts are substantively valuable, as many of these cases involve serious and willful violations of law that result in significant harm to humans and the environment.