Rotavirus vaccines: success by reassortment?
Rotavirus vaccines: success by reassortment?
复制标题
轮状病毒疫苗：重组成功？
DOI：
10.1126/science.8073280
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发表时间：
1994
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
J. Smith
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Glass;J. Gentsch;J. Smith
腹泻是儿童最常见的疾病之一，在发展中国家，每年造成350万至400万人死亡(1)。在1973年以前，在很少的病例中发现传染因子，因此很难设想一种预防战略。同年，RF Bishop及其同事通过电子显微镜在肠胃炎婴儿的肠黏膜中发现了70纳米的轮状病毒样颗粒(2)。轮状病毒的发现导致了20年的积极研究，确定了这种药物是儿童严重腹泻的主要原因，并可能很快在世界范围内推荐常规使用的疫苗中达到高潮。对轮状病毒的早期研究是针对开发和应用快速诊断测试，使研究人员能够检查疾病的范围和感染的流行病学。轮状病毒引起的疾病负担是惊人的：轮状病毒是全世界儿童严重脱水性腹泻的最常见原因，几乎每个儿童在生命的头几年都会感染（见表3）。首次感染通常与急性腹泻有关，在某些情况下可以
Diarrhea is one of the most common dis-eases of children and, in developing countries, is responsible for 3.5 to 4 million deaths each year (1). Before 1973, infec-tious agents were identified in so few cases that it was difficult to envisage a strategy for prevention. In that year, RF Bishop and colleagues discovered 70-nm wheel-shaped (rota) virus-like particles by electron mi-croscopy in the intestinal mucosa of infants with gastroenteritis (2). The identification of rotavirus has led to two decades of ener-getic research that established this agent as the main cause of severe diarrhea in children and may soon culminate in a vaccine recommended for routine use in children worldwide.Early research on rotavirus was directed at the development and applicationof rapid diagnostic tests that allowed researchers to examine the spectrum of disease and the epidemiology of infection. The burden of disease caused by rotavirus is staggering: rotavirus is the most common cause of severe dehydrating diarrhea in children worldwide, infecting nearly every child in the first few years of life (see table)(3). First infections are generally associated with acute diarrhea, which in some instances can