Harnessing biomolecular condensates in living cells.
Harnessing biomolecular condensates in living cells.
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DOI：
10.1093/jb/mvz028
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发表时间：
2019-04
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Hideki Nakamura;R. DeRose;Takanari Inoue
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hideki Nakamura;R. DeRose;Takanari Inoue
作为分子生物学“中心法则”的一部分，细胞内蛋白质和核酸的功能是由它们的一级序列决定的。然而，最近的研究表明，在活细胞内，许多蛋白质和RNA分子的作用可能受到分子所处的物理状态的影响。在活细胞内，蛋白质和RNA分子都被观察到凝结成非膜结合但不同的结构，如液滴、水凝胶和不溶性聚集体。这些独特的细胞内组织，统称为生物分子凝聚体，在正常和病理条件下都是至关重要的。在这里，我们回顾了最新的研究，已经开发了分子工具，试图在活细胞中重建人工生物分子凝聚体。我们将描述它们的设计原则、实现和独特的特征，以及局限性。我们还将介绍如何使用这些工具来探测和干扰正常和病理细胞功能，然后在这个令人兴奋的主题下讨论技术进步的剩余领域。
As part of the "Central Dogma" of molecular biology, the function of proteins and nucleic acids within a cell is determined by their primary sequence. Recent work, however, has shown that within living cells the role of many proteins and RNA molecules can be influenced by the physical state in which the molecule is found. Within living cells, both protein and RNA molecules are observed to condense into non-membrane-bound yet distinct structures such as liquid droplets, hydrogels, and insoluble aggregates. These unique intracellular organizations, collectively termed biomolecular condensates, have been found to be vital in both normal and pathological conditions. Here we review the latest studies that have developed molecular tools attempting to recreate artificial biomolecular condensates in living cells. We will describe their design principles, implementation, and unique characteristics, along with limitations. We will also introduce how these tools can be used to probe and perturb normal and pathological cell functions, which will then be complemented with discussions of remaining areas for technological advance under this exciting theme.