Ending of preventable deaths from pneumonia and diarrhoea: an achievable goal
Ending of preventable deaths from pneumonia and diarrhoea: an achievable goal
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DOI：
10.1016/s0140-6736(13)60319-0
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发表时间：
2013-04-27
期刊：
影响因子：
168.9
通讯作者：
Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chopra, Mickey;Mason, Elizabeth;Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.
全球5岁以下儿童死亡率已从1990年的1200万人迅速下降到2011年的690万人；然而，这一数字仍然没有达到到2015年将死亡人数减少三分之二或最多400万人死亡的目标。如果要实现这一目标，就必须加快减少肺炎和腹泻造成的死亡，这两种疾病加起来每年造成约200万儿童死亡。到2025年，将针对这两种疾病的现有干预措施扩大到80%，并将免疫接种扩大到90%，将消除这两种疾病造成的三分之二以上的死亡，成本为67.15亿美元。本报告中的模型显示，如果所有国家都能达到区域领导人的下降速度，那么到2025年就可以实现每1000名活产中肺炎死亡不到3人，腹泻每1000名活产中死亡不到1人的特定死因死亡率。这些比率是避免了可预防死亡的比率。提高对问题严重程度的认识；加强领导、部门间协作和资源调动；并根据当地情况选择成本效益高的干预措施的最佳组合来提高效率，是实现到2025年消灭可预防的肺炎和腹泻死亡这一目标所需的优先行动。
Global under-5 mortality has fallen rapidly from 12 million deaths in 1990, to 6.9 million in 2011; however, this number still falls short of the target of a two-thirds reduction or a maximum of 4 million deaths by 2015. Acceleration of reductions in deaths due to pneumonia and diarrhoea, which together account for about 2 million child deaths every year, is essential if the target is to be met. Scaling up of existing interventions against the two diseases to 80% and immunisation to 90% would eliminate more than two-thirds of deaths from these two diseases at a cost of US$6.715 billion by 2025. Modelling in this report shows that if all countries could attain the rates of decline of the regional leaders, then cause-specific death rates of fewer than three deaths per 1000 livebirths from pneumonia and less than one death per 1000 livebirths from diarrhoea could be achieved by 2025. These rates are those at which preventable deaths have been avoided. Increasing of awareness of the size of the problem; strengthening of leadership, intersectoral collaboration, and resource mobilisation; and increasing of efficiency through the selection of the optimum mix of a growing set of cost-effective interventions depending on local contexts are the priority actions needed to achieve the goal of ending preventable deaths from pneumonia and diarrhoea by 2025.