Cardiovascular benefits of lycopene: fantasy or reality?
Cardiovascular benefits of lycopene: fantasy or reality?
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DOI：
10.1017/s0029665116000744
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发表时间：
2017-05-01
影响因子：
7
通讯作者：
Masson, Lindsey F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Thies, Frank;Mills, Lynsey M.;Masson, Lindsey F.
流行病学证据表明，大量食用番茄和番茄制品可降低心血管疾病和癌症等慢性疾病的风险。这种潜在的好处通常归因于番茄制品中高浓度的番茄红素。主要从体外研究的结果来看，类胡萝卜素可以预防心脏病和癌症的潜在生物学机制已经被提出。这些包括降低胆固醇，抑制氧化过程，调节炎症标志物，增强细胞间通讯，抑制肿瘤发生和诱导凋亡，代谢类维生素a和抗血管生成作用。然而，关于心血管疾病，干预研究的结果给出了不同的结果。迄今为止，已经进行了超过50项关于番茄红素补充剂或番茄制品的人体干预试验，其中大多数效果不佳。许多显示出一些有益的效果，但主要是针对未确定的心血管风险标志物，如脂质过氧化、DNA氧化损伤、血小板活化和炎症标志物。只有少数研究显示血脂、C反应蛋白和血压有所改善。然而，最近的研究结果表明，番茄红素可以通过降低高密度脂蛋白相关的炎症，以及通过调节高密度脂蛋白的功能来实现抗动脉粥样硬化表型，从而发挥心血管保护作用。此外，体外研究表明，番茄红素可以调节T淋巴细胞活性，从而抑制动脉粥样硬化过程并赋予心血管保护作用。这些发现还表明，HDL功能值得进一步考虑，作为CVD风险的潜在早期标志物，可通过饮食因素（如番茄红素）加以改变。
Epidemiological evidence indicates that high consumption of tomatoes and tomato-based products reduces the risk of chronic diseases such as CVD and cancer. Such potential benefits are often ascribed to high concentrations of lycopene present in tomato products. Mainly from the results of in vitro studies, potential biological mechanisms by which carotenoids could protect against heart disease and cancer have been suggested. These include cholesterol reduction, inhibition of oxidation processes, modulation of inflammatory markers, enhanced intercellular communication, inhibition of tumourigenesis and induction of apoptosis, metabolism to retinoids and antiangiogenic effects. However, with regard to CVD, results from intervention studies gave mixed results. Over fifty human intervention trials with lycopene supplements or tomato-based products have been conducted to date, the majority being underpowered. Many showed some beneficial effects but mostly on non-established cardiovascular risk markers such as lipid peroxidation, DNA oxidative damage, platelet activation and inflammatory markers. Only a few studies showed improvement in lipid profiles, C reactive protein and blood pressure. However, recent findings indicate that lycopene could exert cardiovascular protection by lowering HDL-associated inflammation, as well as by modulating HDL functionality towards an antiatherogenic phenotype. Furthermore, in vitro studies indicate that lycopene could modulate T lymphocyte activity, which would also inhibit atherogenic processes and confer cardiovascular protection. These findings also suggest that HDL functionality deserves further consideration as a potential early marker for CVD risk, modifiable by dietary factors such as lycopene.