The public finance potential of community forestry in Nepal
The public finance potential of community forestry in Nepal
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尼泊尔社区林业的公共财政潜力
DOI：
10.1016/j.ecolecon.2011.09.023
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
7
通讯作者：
Ø. Nielsen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bir Bahadur Khanal Chhetri;J. Lund;Ø. Nielsen
本文基于廓尔喀地区 41 个随机选择的社区森林用户群体 (CFUG) 的森林收入和支出综合数据集，探讨了尼泊尔社区林业的公共财政潜力。结果表明，CFUG收入分配存在高度倾斜；样本中高收入和低收入三分之一的CFUG分别占总收入的74.3%和4.1%。 CFUG 收入取决于 CFUG 机构的成立时间、CFUG 会员规模，尤其取决于社区森林是否具有珍贵的用材树种 Sal (Shorea robsta, C. F. Gaertn.) 和/或 Chir Pine (Pinus roxburghii Sarg.)。 CFUG 支出模式也高度倾斜，所有公共服务和基础设施的 85.2% 由三分之一的高收入 CFUG 提供资金。 CFUG 对公共服务和基础设施的融资取决于收入、管理成本以及社会政治和背景因素，例如 CFUG 管辖范围是否涵盖多个选区以及社区中现有公共基础设施的存在。最后，结果表明，与家庭从社区森林提取产品中获得的私人收益相比，通过社区林业产生的收入可以忽略不计，这表明在现行税收制度下，利益重新分配的潜力有限。
This paper explores the public finance potential of community forestry in Nepal on the basis of a comprehensive dataset on forest revenue and expenditures of 41 randomly selected community-forest user groups (CFUG) from Gorkha district. The results show that CFUG income distribution is highly skewed; the high- and low-income one-third of CFUGs in the sample account for 74.3 and 4.1% of the total income, respectively. CFUG income depends on age of the CFUG institution, CFUG membership size, and, in particular, on whether the community forest features the valuable timber species Sal (Shorea robusta, C. F. Gaertn.) and/or Chir Pine (Pinus roxburghii Sarg.). CFUG expenditure pattern is also highly skewed, with 85.2% of all public services and infrastructure financed by the one-third high-income CFUGs. CFUG financing of public services and infrastructure is shaped by income, management costs, and socio-political and contextual factors, such as whether the CFUG jurisdiction covers several wards and the presence of existing public infrastructure in the community. Finally, results show that the amounts of revenue generated through community forestry are negligible when compared to households' private gains from extraction of products from community forests, indicating a limited potential for redistribution of benefits under the current taxation system.