Agency, Transgression and the Causation of Homelessness: A Contextualised Rational Action Analysis

Agency, Transgression and the Causation of Homelessness: A Contextualised Rational Action Analysis
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能动性、越轨和无家可归的原因:情境化理性行动分析

DOI:
10.1080/14616710802693607
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发表时间:
2009
期刊:
European Journal of Housing Policy
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Nicholls C
Nicholls C
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Nicholls C

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学术界对无家可归原因的解释一直都是指社会结构性因素。在这些账户中没有参与的可能性,“机构”(个人采取的行动)也有作用。与无家可归相关的因素的超越性--物质滥用、精神健康状况不佳等等--以及避免让经历无家可归的人病理性的愿望,可能可以解释这种缺乏参与度的原因。越轨行为是指挑战规范社会行为界限的行为。然而,这篇文章证明,如果要发展足够的无家可归和因果关系理论,就必须将代理‘写回’。上下文理性行动理论提供了一个关键的现实主义概念框架,从这个框架中这样做,而不忽视社会结构的重要性。在三个案例研究的基础上,研究表明,如果在分析中考虑到这些行为发生的背景,那么那些可能被认为是导致无家可归的越轨行为--拒绝参与支助服务、酗酒、街头性工作--可以被确定为具有“微弱的”合理性。因此,这一办法适当考虑到了机构,同时也承认结构性限制在越轨行为和无家可归现象的产生中的重要性。这样做的目的不是要“责备”或“病态”,而是要认真对待那些经历无家可归的人以及他们的处境、动机和行为。
Academic accounts of the causation of homelessness consistently refer to social structural factors. There is no engagement in these accounts with the possibility that ‘agency’ (individually taken actions) also has a role. The transgressive nature of factors associated with homelessness–substance misuse, poor mental health, and so on–and a desire to avoid pathologising people experiencing homelessness, may explain this lack of engagement. Transgression refers to acts that challenge boundaries of normative social behaviour. Yet, it is demonstrated in this article that agency has to be ‘written back in’ if adequate theories of homelessness and causation are to develop.Contextualised rational action theory provides a critical realist conceptual framework from which to do so, without losing sight of the importance of social structures. Drawing on three case studies, it is demonstrated that what may be considered transgressive acts that lead to homelessness–refusal to engage with support services, alcohol misuse, street sex work–can be identified as having a ‘thin’ rationality, when the context they occur within is incorporated into the analysis. This approach therefore takes agency into proper account, whilst also acknowledging the importance of structural constraints in the generation of transgressive acts and homelessness. The intention here is not to apportion ‘blame’ or to ‘pathologise’, but to take people experiencing homelessness and their circumstances, motivations and actions seriously.
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