Climate impacts of geoengineering marine stratocumulus clouds
Climate impacts of geoengineering marine stratocumulus clouds
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DOI：
10.1029/2008jd011450
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发表时间：
2009-05-27
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Boucher, Olivier
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jones, Andy;Haywood, Jim;Boucher, Olivier
最近提出了解决全球变暖问题的理论潜在地球工程解决方案。在这里，我们提出了一个理想化的气候响应的研究，故意播种大规模的层积云云甲板在北太平洋，南太平洋和南大西洋，从而通过气溶胶间接效应诱导冷却。大气，大气/混合层海洋，完全耦合的大气/海洋版本的气象局哈德利中心模型被用来调查辐射强迫，气候效应，温度，降水和净初级生产力的区域响应，这样的地球工程。辐射强迫模拟表明，我们的参数化气溶胶间接影响，高达35%的辐射强迫，由于目前的温室气体水平可以抵消层积云修改。平衡模拟与大气/混合层海洋模式，其中每一个层积云片依次修改，揭示了最有效的冷却每单位辐射强迫发生时，南太平洋层积云片修改。瞬态耦合模式模拟表明，地球工程的所有三个层积云地区延迟约25年的模拟全球变暖。这些模拟还表明，虽然一些地区的降水量和净初级生产力有所增加，但南美洲的模拟结果却急剧下降，对亚马逊雨林的影响尤其不利。这些结果表明，虽然有些地区受益于地球工程，但也有一些重要的地区，其反应可能非常有害，对这种方案的实际适用性产生影响。
Theoretical potential geoengineering solutions to the global warming problem have recently been proposed. Here, we present an idealized study of the climate response to deliberately seeding large-scale stratocumulus cloud decks in the North Pacific, South Pacific, and South Atlantic, thereby inducing cooling via aerosol indirect effects. Atmosphere-only, atmosphere/mixed-layer ocean, and fully coupled atmosphere/ocean versions of the Met Office Hadley Centre model are used to investigate the radiative forcing, climate efficacy, and regional response of temperature, precipitation, and net primary productivity to such geoengineering. The radiative forcing simulations indicate that, for our parameterization of aerosol indirect effects, up to 35% of the radiative forcing due to current levels of greenhouse gases could be offset by stratocumulus modification. Equilibrium simulations with the atmosphere/mixed-layer ocean model, wherein each of the three stratocumulus sheets is modified in turn, reveal that the most efficient cooling per unit radiative forcing occurs when the South Pacific stratocumulus sheet is modified. Transient coupled model simulations suggest that geoengineering all three stratocumulus areas delays the simulated global warming by about 25 years. These simulations also indicate that, while some areas experience increases in precipitation and net primary productivity, sharp decreases are simulated in South America, with particularly detrimental impacts on the Amazon rain forest. These results show that, while some areas benefit from geoengineering, there are significant areas where the response could be very detrimental with implications for the practical applicability of such a scheme.