Process integration, energy and GHG emission analyses of Jatropha-based biorefinery systems
Process integration, energy and GHG emission analyses of Jatropha-based biorefinery systems
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DOI：
10.1007/s13399-013-0105-3
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发表时间：
2014-06-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Sadhukhan, Jhuma
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Martinez-Hernandez, Elias;Martinez-Herrera, Jorge;Sadhukhan, Jhuma
由于需要开发各种对环境影响小的产品，生物精炼厂需要成为高度集成的设施。当通过集中式公用工程系统设计进行整体质量和能量集成时，这变得有效。本文提出了一种结合过程集成、能源和温室气体排放分析的方法，用于麻风树生物炼制的设计，主要是利用油基非均相催化酯交换反应生产生物柴油或利用加氢处理生产绿色柴油。这些过程与稻壳的气化相结合以产生合成气。在生物柴油的情况下，合成气被转化为最终产品、热量、电力和甲醇，或者在绿色柴油的情况下转化为氢气。已考虑将麻风树副产物（如果壳、饼和/或甘油）厌氧消化以产生用于发电的沼气。人们认为果壳和蛋糕的燃烧可以提供热量。还示出了生物柴油或绿色柴油生产中的热回收以及公用事业（热和电力）系统的设计。生物精炼系统（其中饼为油提取和种子干燥提供热量，而果壳和甘油通过厌氧消化成沼气提供发电）在生物柴油系统中实现53%的能量效率，在绿色柴油系统中实现57%的能量效率。这些值基于麻风树原料的高热值（HHV）、相应产品的HHV和产生的过量功率。结果显示，这两个系统每单位土地的能源产量均为83 GJ ha（-1）。在计算生物精炼厂出口的生物能源替代化石能源的信用额之前，所产生的净能源温室气体排放（即在满足生物精炼系统的能源需求之后）的全球升温潜能值为29克CO2当量MJ（-1）。使用一个系统的集成方法利用整个麻风树果实，它表明，全球变暖的潜力和化石一次能源的使用可以显着减少，如果集成的工艺方案结合优化的培养和工艺参数，采用麻风树为基础的生物精炼厂。
Driven by the need to develop a wide variety of products with low environmental impact, biorefineries need to emerge as highly integrated facilities. This becomes effective when overall mass and energy integration through a centralised utility system design is undertaken. An approach combining process integration, energy and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission analyses is shown in this paper for Jatropha biorefinery design, primarily producing biodiesel using oil-based heterogeneously catalysed transesterification or green diesel using hydrotreatment. These processes are coupled with gasification of husk to produce syngas. Syngas is converted into end products, heat, power and methanol in the biodiesel case or hydrogen in the green diesel case. Anaerobic digestion of Jatropha by-products such as fruit shell, cake and/or glycerol has been considered to produce biogas for power generation. Combustion of fruit shell and cake is considered to provide heat. Heat recovery within biodiesel or green diesel production and the design of the utility (heat and power) system are also shown. The biorefinery systems wherein cake supplies heat for oil extraction and seed drying while fruit shells and glycerol provide power generation via anaerobic digestion into biogas achieve energy efficiency of 53 % in the biodiesel system and 57 % in the green diesel system. These values are based on high heating values (HHV) of Jatropha feedstocks, HHV of the corresponding products and excess power generated. Results showed that both systems exhibit an energy yield per unit of land of 83 GJ ha(-1). The global warming potential from GHG emissions of the net energy produced (i.e. after covering energy requirements by the biorefinery systems) was 29 g CO2-eq MJ(-1), before accounting credits from displacement of fossil-based energy by bioenergy exported from the biorefineries. Using a systematic integration approach for utilisation of whole Jatropha fruit, it is shown that global warming potential and fossil primary energy use can be reduced significantly if the integrated process schemes combined with optimised cultivation and process parameters are adopted in Jatropha - based biorefineries.