Renewable energies and their impact on local value added and employment
Renewable energies and their impact on local value added and employment
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DOI：
10.1186/2192-0567-4-1
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发表时间：
2014-01-01
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Salecki, Steven
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Heinbach, Katharina;Aretz, Astrid;Salecki, Steven
工作背景：除了减少能源生产对环境影响的动机之外，经济理由也是当地社区参与可再生能源（RE）的关键激励因素。替代进口的化石燃料或最终能源与可再生能源的来源创造机会，在地方一级建立步骤的可再生能源价值链，从而在各自地区的可再生能源sector.Methods的增值和就业：模型的方法进行了描述，并应用到陆上风能的例子。随后，解释了平均模型市的模型实施，然后将其作为计算模型结果的基础。该模型是针对德国的具体情况设计的，但该方法可以推广到其他国家。结果：2011年，德国平均示范城市的可再生能源部门总共可以创造930万欧元的市政附加值和166个就业机会。系统制造的价值链阶段贡献了最大的份额，但总的来说，由操作和维护（O&M），并在系统操作员阶段产生的效果，是更大的。结论：本文介绍的模型允许在地方一级的可再生能源增值和就业效应的程度和分布的详细分析。结果表明，可再生能源的使用具有巨大的潜力，创造附加值和就业机会，整个德国的可再生能源部门，即使在没有制造业的地区。对这些影响的了解可以成为地方决策进程的重要投入，提高接受程度，并增强进一步扩大分散式可再生能源发电的动力。
Background: Beyond the motivation to reduce the environmental impact of energy production, the economic rationale is a key incentive for local communities to become involved in renewable energy (RE). Substituting imported fossil fuels or final energy with RE sources creates opportunities at the local level to establish steps of the RE value chain, resulting in value added and employment in the respective region's RE sector.Methods: The model approach is described and applied to the example of onshore wind energy. Subsequently, the implementation of the model for an average model municipality is explained, which then serves as the basis for calculating the model results. The model was designed for the specific conditions in Germany but the approach can be transferred to other countries.Results: A total of 9.3 million euros of municipal value added and 166 jobs could have been generated in the RE sector in the average model municipality in Germany in 2011. The value chain stage of systems manufacture contributed the largest share, but in total, the continuous effects, i.e., the effects generated by operation and maintenance (O&M) and in the system operator stage, were greater.Conclusions: The model introduced in this paper allows for a detailed analysis of the extent and distribution of RE value-added and employment effects at the local level. The results show that the use of RE has significant potential to create value added and employment throughout Germany's RE sector, even in regions without manufacturing industries. Knowledge of these effects can be an important input to local decision-making processes, increase acceptance, and enhance motivation to further expand decentralized RE generation.