Relative importance of vessel hull fouling and ballast water as transport vectors of nonindigenous species to the Canadian Arctic
Relative importance of vessel hull fouling and ballast water as transport vectors of nonindigenous species to the Canadian Arctic
复制标题
DOI：
10.1139/cjfas-2014-0473
复制
发表时间：
2015-08-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Bailey, Sarah A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chan, Farrah T.;MacIsaac, Hugh J.;Bailey, Sarah A.
船舶的船体污垢和压载水是全球海洋非本地物种的主要载体，但很少有研究调查其在北极的规模。为了确定这些病媒在加拿大北极地区的相对重要性，我们分别从马尼托巴省丘吉尔的13艘和32艘船只上收集了船体和压载水样本。我们比较了在船体上运输的无脊椎动物和在压载水中运输的无脊椎动物的总丰度和丰富度。我们发现，与压载水相比，船体污染与非本地物种的总丰度和丰富度有关。此外，非本地物种的丰富度与总丰度之间存在显著的正相关关系，这表明前者比后者更有可能发生高风险（即物种丰富和高丰度）的引入事件。在船体样本中发现了可存活的、广泛存在的非本地藤壶，进一步强调了压载水上的船体污垢作为非本地物种载体的重要性。我们的研究表明，根据两种载体所运输的非本地物种的丰度和丰富度，船体污染是非本地物种向加拿大北极转移的更重要载体。
Ships' hull fouling and ballast water are leading vectors of marine nonindigenous species globally, yet few studies have examined their magnitude in the Arctic. To determine the relative importance of these vectors in Canada's Arctic, we collected hull and ballast water samples from 13 and 32 vessels, respectively, at Churchill, Manitoba. We compared total abundance and richness of invertebrates transported on hulls versus those in ballast water. We found that hull fouling was associated with higher total abundance and richness of nonindigenous species when compared with ballast water. Additionally, a significant positive richness-total abundance relationship for nonindigenous species for hull fouling but not for ballast water assemblages suggests that the likelihood of a high-risk (i.e., species-rich and high abundance) introduction event is greater for the former than the latter vector. The discovery of viable, widespread nonindigenous barnacles in hull samples further underscores the prominence of hull fouling over ballast water as a vector of nonindigenous species. Our study demonstrates that hull fouling is a more important vector for transfer of nonindigenous species to the Canadian Arctic than ballast water based on abundance and richness of nonindigenous species transported by the two vectors.