Sediment toxicity in the Hudson-Raritan estuary: Distribution and correlations with chemical contamination
Sediment toxicity in the Hudson-Raritan estuary: Distribution and correlations with chemical contamination
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哈德逊-拉里坦河口的沉积物毒性：分布及其与化学污染的相关性
DOI：
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发表时间：
1996
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
G. Thursby
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Wolfe;E. Long;G. Thursby
赫德森-拉里坦河口是化学数据表明可能产生与污染物有关的生物影响的几个美国沿海地区之一，国家海洋和大气管理局已进行了多年密集的生物影响调查。沉积物毒性的严重程度和空间格局确定在河口范围内的调查，在1991年春季使用端足类，双壳类幼虫，发光细菌作为测试生物。毒性的空间分布格局对应于一些有毒化学品在沉积物中的分布。沉积物毒性最大的地区包括上东河、亚瑟杀死、纽瓦克湾和桑迪胡克湾。哈德逊河下游邻近曼哈顿岛、纽约港上游、纽约港下游史泰登岛和拉里坦湾西部部分地区的毒性普遍较低。对沉积物进行的辅助化学分析，包括酸挥发性硫化物和非法提取的金属，表明金属一般不是观察到的毒性的原因，汞可能除外。在分析的所有污染物中，毒性与多环芳烃的关系最密切，多环芳烃在有毒样品中的浓度比无毒样品高得多，而且经常超过沉积物质量标准。
The Hudson-Raritan Estuary is one of several United States coastal areas where chemical data have suggested a potential for contaminant-related biological effects, and multiyear intensive bioeffects surveys have been conducted by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The severity and spatial patterns in sediment toxicity were determined in an estuary-wide survey during spring 1991 using amphipods, bivalve larvae, and luminescent bacteria as test organisms. Spatial patterns in toxicity corresponded to the distributions of a number of toxic chemicals in the sediments. Areas that exhibited the greatest sediment toxicity included the upper East River, Arthur Kill, Newark Bay, and Sandy Hook Bay. The lower Hudson River adjacent to Manhattan Island, upper New York Harbor, lower New York Harbor off Staten Island, and parts of western Raritan Bay generally showed lower toxicity. Supporting chemical analyses of the sediments, including acid-volatile sulfide and simultaneously-extracted metals, suggested that metals were generally not the cause of the observed toxicity, with the possible exception of mercury. Among all contaminants analyzed, toxicity was most strongly associated with polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, which were substantially more concentrated in toxic samples than in nontoxic samples, and which frequently exceeded sediment quality criteria.