A longstanding entomological problem finally solved? Head morphology of Nannochorista (Mecoptera, Insecta) and possible phylogenetic implications
A longstanding entomological problem finally solved? Head morphology of Nannochorista (Mecoptera, Insecta) and possible phylogenetic implications
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1439-0469.2008.00473.x
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发表时间：
2008-11-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Baum, E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Beutel, R. G.;Baum, E.
研究并详细描述了Nannochorista种的头部内外结构。讨论了它们的功能和系统发育意义。口器的结构表明，成虫以液体为食。下颌肌肉和脑前咽扩张器的丧失是该属的推定自畸形。一个可能由纳米翅目、虹吸翅目和双翅目组成的分支是由唇部食物通道的存在、galea的缺失、唇部形成的成对口器鞘、非常发达的唇触须肌肉和唇部扩张器以及明确的脑后咽泵腔的存在所支持的。纳米翅目与双翅目有更密切的亲缘关系，这是由于在上颌第三手掌上有一个独特的感觉沟。进一步潜在的突触形态是存在一个额叶足部和一个主要的无牙板状下颌骨。唇唇上的唾液通道和唇唇的细分是纳米翅目和虹吸翅目的共同衍生特征。在包括Boreidae但不包括Nannochoristidae的甲翅目中存在的衍生条件是分泌具有强烈发育的唾液管固有肌肉的分泌物。外侧唇牵开器、心颅肌和三个前牵开器中的两个的缺失，以及咽横向肌的缺失是潜在的咽下垂自畸形。上唇复合体的形成可能是膜翅目和翅翅目的一种突触形态。
External and internal head structures of Nannochorista species were examined and described in detail. The characters are discussed with regard to their functional and phylogenetic implications. The structure of the mouthparts indicates that adults of Nannochorista feed on fluids. The loss of the mandibular muscles and the precerebral pharyngeal dilators are presumptive autapomorphies of the genus. A possible clade comprising Nannomecoptera, Siphonaptera and Diptera is supported by the presence of a labral food channel, the absence of the galea, a sheath for the paired mouthparts formed by the labium, very strongly developed labial palp muscles and cibarial dilators, and the presence of a well-defined postcerebral pharyngeal pumping chamber. Closer affinities of Nannomecoptera with Diptera are suggested by the presence of a unique sensorial groove on the third maxillary palpomere. Further potential synapomorphies are the presence of a frontal apodeme and a primarily lamelliform mandible without teeth. The presence of a salivary channel on the laciniae and a subdivided labrum are shared derived features of Nannochorista and Siphonaptera. A derived condition present in Mecoptera including Boreidae but excluding Nannochoristidae is the secretion with a strongly developed intrinsic muscle of the salivary duct. The loss of the lateral labral retractor, the cranial muscle of the cardo, and of two of the three premental retractors, and the absence of transverse epipharyngeal muscles are potential autapomorphies of Antliophora. The formation of a maxillolabial complex is a possible synapomorphy of Hymenoptera and Mecopterida.