Extraction of oil from soybeans
Extraction of oil from soybeans
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DOI：
10.1007/bf02582327
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发表时间：
1981-03
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
A. Garcia Serrato
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Garcia Serrato
现代加工厂通过溶剂液体转移提取大豆油。大豆在进入榨汁机之前经过清洗、破碎、脱壳并调理成薄片。通过己烷溶剂的连续逆流洗涤进行萃取。然后，提取的薄片由密封输送机运送，通过夹套和喷射蒸汽在封闭容器中脱溶剂。在升膜蒸发器中并通过最终的真空蒸馏从油中除去己烷。在常压冷凝器中从粗粉和油中回收己烷。整个工厂装置是防爆的，所有设备都是密封且防汽的。为了实现良好的操作，大豆必须清洁、完好无损并且处于正确的湿度和温度。工厂工艺参数为：吨位、己烷损失和能源使用。油的质量是根据游离脂肪酸、不含残留己烷和原油颜色来衡量的。粗粉质量由成品中的残油、水分、蛋白质、脲酶活性、蛋白质溶解度和筛目尺寸决定。现代工厂的创新包括油脱胶、卵磷脂干燥和混合以及生产供人类食用的高蛋白质溶解度豆粕。
Modern processing plants extract soyabean oil by solvent liquid transfer. Soyabeans are cleaned, cracked, dehulled and conditioned into a thin flake before they enter the extractor. Extraction is by successive, countercurrent washes of hexane solvent. The extracted flakes are then carried by a sealed conveyor to be desolventized in enclosed vessels by application of jacket and sparge steam. Hexane is removed from the oil in rising film evaporators and with final vacuum distillation. Hexane is recovered from the meal and the oil in atmospheric condensers. The complete plant installation is explosion‐proof and all equipment is sealed and vapor‐proof. For a good operation, soyabeans must be clean, undamaged and at the correct moisture and temperature. Parameters of the process in the plant are: tonnage, hexane loss and energy usage. Oil quality is measured in terms of free fatty acids, absence of residual hexane and crude oil color. Meal quality is determined by residual oil, moisture, protein, urease activity protein solubility and mesh size in the finished product. Innovations at modern plants include degumming of the oil, lecithin drying and blending and production of soyabean meal with high protein solubility for human consumption.