Molybdenum
Molybdenum
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DOI：
10.1081/clt-100102422
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发表时间：
1999-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Barceloux, DG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Barceloux, DG
钼在自然界中不以纯金属形式存在，在5种氧化态（2-6）中，主要的物种是Mo（IV）和Mo（VI）。钼在溶液中迅速聚合成各种复杂的多金属化合物，绝大多数钼用于冶金应用（不锈钢，铸铁合金），四硫代钼酸铵是威尔逊病的实验螯合剂，对于一般人群，饮食是钼的最重要来源，并且在水和空气中的浓度通常可以忽略不计，平均每日饮食摄入量为约0.1- 0.5mg Mo。钼是具有相对低毒性的必需元素。含钼的酶催化碳，硫，钼的消除通过肾脏发生，通常在几周内完成，钼中毒（teart）是一种钼中毒形式，在反刍动物中产生类似于铜缺乏症的疾病，关于钼对人类毒性的数据很少。痛风样综合征和尘肺与钼浓度过高有关，但研究设计不充分，无法充分确定这些影响的病因。
Molybdenum does not exist naturally in the pure metallic form and of the 5 oxidation states (2-6) the predominant species are Mo(IV) and Mo(VI), Molybdenum rapidly polymerizes to a wide variety of complex polymolybdate compounds in solution, The vast majority of molybdenum is used in metallurgical applications (stainless steel, cast-iron alloys), Ammonium tetrathiomolybdate is an experimental chelating agent for Wilson's disease, For the general population, the diet is the most important source of molybdenum and concentrations in water and air usually are negligible, The average daily dietary intake is about 0.1-0.5 mg Mo.Molybdenum is an essential element with relatively low toxicity, Enzymes containing molybdenum catalyze basic metabolic reactions in the carbon, sulfur, and nitrogen cycles, Elimination of molybdenum occurs via the kidney and usually is complete within several weeks, Molybdenosis (teart) is a form of molybdenum toxicity that produces a disease in ruminants similar to copper-deficiency, Little data are available on the human toxicity of molybdenum. A gout-like syndrome and pneumoconiosis have been associated with excessive concentrations of molybdenum, but the inadequate design of the studies prevents an adequate determination of the etiology of these effects.