Tobacco industry use of judicial seminars to influence rulings in products liability litigation.
Tobacco industry use of judicial seminars to influence rulings in products liability litigation.
复制标题
烟草业利用司法研讨会来影响产品责任诉讼的裁决。
DOI：
10.1136/tc.2005.013128
复制
发表时间：
2006
期刊：
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Friedman,LC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Friedman,LC
目标：本文探讨了烟草业的努力，影响诉讼主办司法seminars.Methods：数千内部烟草文件进行了检查，包括备忘录，报告，演示文稿和通讯。通过检查烟草业的财务记录、预算和认捐资金的信件，证实了与外部组织的联系。通过审查外部组织的网站和公开提交的财务记录，并通过其代表在报纸和法律评论文章中的声明来核实事实，对这些组织的事实进行了三角分析。结果：烟草业与组织司法研讨会以影响判例的团体之间存在直接的财务联系，参加这些研讨会的法官可能违反司法道德，因为他们没有询问资金来源或忽视潜在诉讼当事人的资金。烟草业企图秘密影响法官在其作为当事方的案件中的裁决，危及司法机关的廉正。
Objectives:This paper examines the tobacco industry’s efforts to influence litigation by sponsoring judicial seminars.Methods:Thousands of internal tobacco documents were examined, including memos, reports, presentations, and newsletters. Connections to outside organisations were corroborated by examining tobacco industry financial records, budgets, and letters pledging funds. Facts about outside organisations were triangulated through examining their websites and publicly-filed financial records, and verifying facts through their representatives’ statements in newspaper and law review articles.Results:There are direct financial ties between the tobacco industry and groups that organise judicial seminars in an effort to influence jurisprudence, and judges who attend these seminars may be breaching judicial ethics either by not inquiring about the source of funding or by ignoring funding by potential litigants.Conclusions:The tobacco industry’s attempts to clandestinely influence judges’ decisions in cases to which they are a party endangers the integrity of the judiciary.