The Climate Regime as Global Forest Governance: Can Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD) Initiatives Pass a ‘Dual Effectiveness’ Test?
The Climate Regime as Global Forest Governance: Can Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD) Initiatives Pass a ‘Dual Effectiveness’ Test?
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作为全球森林治理的气候制度：减少毁林和森林退化排放（REDD）举措能否通过“双重有效性”测试？
DOI：
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发表时间：
2008
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
B. Cashore
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
K. Levin;C. McDermott;B. Cashore
两代人以来，决策者、环境团体、行业协会和其他利益攸关方一直对全球森林退化问题给予一致和持续的关注。人们对1992年里约地球首脑会议未能达成一项具有约束力的全球森林公约普遍感到失望，随后又对里约会议后与森林有关的全球政策倡议，包括政府间和非国家努力迄今影响相对有限感到沮丧。本文认为，“减少毁林和森林退化所致排放量”（REDD）倡议将产生重大影响，只有决策者致力于基于结果的“双重有效性”测试，解决森林退化和全球减排问题，并涉及重大和可衡量的全球规模的目标。虽然这种承诺的重要性似乎显而易见，但过去森林和气候工作的经验教训表明，需要加强基于成果的问责制，以克服短期和狭隘的组织和国家自身利益。
SUMMARY For two generations, policy makers, environmental groups, industry associations and other stakeholders have given global forest deterioration concerted and sustained attention. Widespread disappointment over the failure to achieve a binding global forest convention at the 1992 Rio Earth Summit has been followed by frustration over the relatively limited impact to date of post-Rio forest-related global policy initiatives, including intergovernmental and non-state efforts. This paper argues that “reduced emissions from deforestation and forest degradation” (REDD) initiatives will yield significant impacts only if decision makers are committed to a results-based “dual effectiveness” test, addressing both forest degradation and global emissions reductions, and involving significant and measurable global-scale targets. While the importance of such a commitment may appear obvious, lessons from past forest and climate efforts suggest that greater results-based accountability is needed to overcome short-term and narrowly defined organizational and national self-interest.