Infants' metaphysics: The case of numerical identity
Infants' metaphysics: The case of numerical identity
复制标题
DOI：
10.1006/cogp.1996.0005
复制
发表时间：
1996-04-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Carey, S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Xu, F;Carey, S
成年人用持久的物理对象来概念化世界。排序概念提供了个性化（建立对象的边界）和数字同一性（确定一个对象是否与其他时间遇到的对象相同）的条件。在成人概念系统中，对象分类大致有两个层次。最普遍的是有界的物理对象本身，时空属性为其个性化和同一性提供了标准。更具体的分类，例如狗或汽车，依赖于其他类型的属性来提供个性化和身份的标准。我们推测，年幼的婴儿可能只代表一般的类别、对象，并在以后构建更具体的类别（对象优先假设）。这与 Bower (1974) 的猜想密切相关，即婴儿在使用财产信息之前先使用时空信息来追踪身份。进行了五项使用视觉习惯范式的研究来解决对象优先假说。在这些研究中，10个月大的婴儿能够使用时空信息，但无法使用属性/种类信息来建立数字上不同的个体的表示，从而为对象优先假说提供了经验证据。最后，婴儿在 12 个月大时就成功地实现了对象个体化，进行了更具体的分类。讨论了我们任务的成功与早期名词理解之间的关系。 (C) 1996 学术出版社
Adults conceptualize the world in terms of enduring physical objects. Sortal concepts provide conditions of individuation (establishing the boundaries of objects) and numerical identity (establishing whether an object is the same one as one encountered at some other time). In the adult conceptual system, there are two roughly hierarchical levels of object sortals. Most general is the sortal bounded physical object itself, for which spatiotemporal properties provide the criteria for individuation and identity. More specific sortals, such as dog or car, rely on additional types of properties to provide criteria for individuation and identity. We conjecture that young infants might represent only the general sortal, object, and construct more specific sortals later (the Object-first Hypothesis). This is closely related to Bower's (1974) conjecture that infants use spatiotemporal information to trace identity before they use property information. Five studies using the visual habituation paradigm were conducted to address the Object-first Hypothesis. In these studies, 10-month-old infants were able to use spatiotemporal information but failed to use property/kind information to set up representations of numerically distinct individuals, thus providing empirical evidence for the Object-first Hypothesis. Finally, infants succeed at object individuation in terms of more specific sortals by 12 months. The relation between success at our task and early noun comprehension is discussed. (C) 1996 Academic Press, Inc.