Management of Phytophthora sojae of soybean: a review and future perspectives
Management of Phytophthora sojae of soybean: a review and future perspectives
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DOI：
10.1080/07060661.2018.1445127
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发表时间：
2018-01-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Dorrance, Anne E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dorrance, Anne E.
大豆疫霉（Phytophthora sojae Kaufmann & Gerdemann）是大豆（Glycine max L.）在俄亥俄州和其他土壤排水不良的地区。大豆是主要的宿主，虽然许多羽扇豆属物种。都是通过人工接种被感染的中国、日本和韩国等地已报道了20多个不同的主效抗病基因，但在栽培品种中应用的很少。与其他具有基因对基因相互作用的宿主-病原体系统一样，大豆疫霉菌也有许多致病型（小种），单个区域内的特征少至1个，多至50个。由于病原体的多样性和致病型的复杂性，数量抗病性（QDR）或部分抗性已成为优先事项，并作为疾病管理的骨干在一些生产地区。然而，QDR要求在非常有利的环境中使用种子处理进行早期保护。目前的研究工作，为发展更持久的管理，这种疾病包括识别和表征的新的Rps基因，以及标志物和机制，有助于QDR的表达。现在有两种新的种子处理化学品，噻唑菌胺和oxathiapiprolin，除了基于甲霜灵的杀真菌剂外，还对大豆疫霉有效。最后，病原体种群结构，无论是在生产区域内和生产区域之间，以及大豆疫霉Avr基因座内的变异性，也阐明了潜在的新方法来管理这种疾病。
Phytophthora sojae Kaufmann & Gerdemann has been a yield limiting factor for more than 60years on soybean (Glycine max L.) in Ohio and other regions where soils are poorly drained. Soybean is the primary host, although numerous Lupinus spp. have been shown to be infected based on artificial inoculations. More than 20 different major resistance (Rps) genes have been reported from sources from China, Japan and South Korea but few are deployed in cultivars. As in other host-pathogen systems with a gene-for-gene interaction, there are also numerous pathotypes (races) of P. sojae, with as few as 1 to more than 50 characterized within a single field. Due to high pathogen diversity and complexity in relation to pathotype, quantitative disease resistance (QDR) or partial resistance has become a priority and serves as the backbone for disease management in some production regions. However, QDR requires the use of seed treatments for early season protection in highly favourable environments. Current research efforts for the development of more durable management of this disease include the identification and characterization of novel Rps genes as well as markers and mechanisms that contribute to the expression of QDR. There are now two new seed treatment chemistries, ethaboxam and oxathiapiprolin, with efficacy towards P. sojae in addition to metalaxyl-based fungicides. Finally, pathogen population structure, both within and between production regions, as well as variability within Avr loci of P. sojae, are also elucidating potential new approaches to managing this disease.