ARCHAEA IN COASTAL MARINE ENVIRONMENTS
ARCHAEA IN COASTAL MARINE ENVIRONMENTS
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.89.12.5685
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发表时间：
1992-06-15
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
DELONG, EF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
DELONG, EF
古生菌(古细菌)是一组表型多样的微生物，具有共同的进化史。古生菌一般有四个表型群：产甲烷菌、极端嗜盐菌、硫酸盐还原古菌和极端嗜热菌。在海洋环境中，古生物栖息地一般仅限于浅海或深海厌氧沉积物(自由生活和内共生的产甲烷菌)、温泉或深海热液喷口(产甲烷菌、硫酸盐还原菌和极端嗜热菌)以及高盐度内陆海洋(嗜盐菌)。这份报告提供了证据，证明在北美富氧的沿海表层水域中普遍存在不寻常的古菌。定量估计表明，从沿海浮游细菌组合中提取的总核糖体RNA中，多达2%是古生物。古生菌小亚基核糖体RNA编码DNA(RDNA)是从地理位置较远的混合浮游细菌种群中克隆的。对这些克隆的rDNA进行的系统发育和核苷酸特征分析表明，存在两个古生菌谱系，每个谱系都具有先前为Archaea域建立的诊断特征和结构特征。在北美东海岸和西海岸采集的浮游细菌种群中都发现了这两个谱系。这些古细菌在含氧海岸表层水中的丰度和分布表明，这些微生物代表了未被描述的古细菌的生理类型，它们居住在海洋海岸环境中，并与好氧的、中温的真细菌竞争。
Archaea (archaebacteria) are a phenotypically diverse group of microorganisms that share a common evolutionary history. There are four general phenotypic groups of archaea: the methanogens, the extreme halophiles, the sulfate-reducing archaea, and the extreme thermophiles. In the marine environment, archaeal habitats are generally limited to shallow or deep-sea anaerobic sediments (free-living and endosymbiotic methanogens), hot springs or deep-sea hydrothermal vents (methanogens, sulfate reducers, and extreme thermophiles), and highly saline land-locked seas (halophiles). This report provides evidence for the widespread occurrence of unusual archaea in oxygenated coastal surface waters of North America. Quantitative estimates indicated that up to 2% of the total ribosomal RNA extracted from coastal bacterioplankton assemblages was archaeal. Archaeal small-subunit ribosomal RNA-encoding DNAs (rDNAs) were cloned from mixed bacterioplankton populations collected at geographically distant sampling sites. Phylogenetic and nucleotide signature analyses of these cloned rDNAs revealed the presence of two lineages of archaea, each sharing the diagnostic signatures and structural features previously established for the domain Archaea. Both of these lineages were found in bacterioplankton populations collected off the east and west coasts of North America. The abundance and distribution of these archaea in oxic coastal surface waters suggests that these microorganisms represent undescribed physiological types of archaea, which reside and compete with aerobic, mesophilic eubacteria in marine coastal environments