Colliding sacred values: a psychological theory of least-worst option selection
Colliding sacred values: a psychological theory of least-worst option selection
复制标题
神圣价值观的冲突：最坏选择的心理学理论
DOI：
10.1080/13546783.2019.1589572
复制
发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
L. Alison
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
N. Shortland;L. Alison
摘要本文主要研究士兵如何在竞争选项之间做出艰难的选择。为了了解这些类型的决策背后的心理过程，我们提出了从具有战斗经验的士兵那里收集的定性数据（例如，阿富汗和伊拉克）。使用扎根理论的方法，我们开发了一个可测试和可证伪的最差决策理论。具体来说，我们认为，选择一个最坏的选择的过程中，一个人的能力，在冲突的价值观之间进行选择的中心。冗余审议描述了两个同样“神圣”（不可谈判）的价值观发生冲突时发生的过程，我们认为，决策者计算每个结果是不可容忍的，不能在它们之间进行选择。因此，他们无法及时采取行动（或根本不采取行动）-导致决策惯性。然而，在单一（而不是冲突）神圣价值的情况下，个人更容易做出最不坏的行动选择。这种“神圣价值观冲突”的理论，如果进一步验证，提供了重要的理论意义的价值体系的作用，在理解自然主义的决策，特别是在极端的不确定性条件下的决策。
Abstract This paper focuses on how Soldiers make hard choices between competing options. To understand the psychological processes behind these types of decisions, we present qualitative data collected from Soldiers with combat experience (e.g., in Afghanistan and Iraq). Using a grounded theory approach, we develop a testable and falsifiable theory of least-worst decision-making. Specifically, we argue that the process of choosing a least-worst option centres on an individuals’ ability to select between colliding values. Redundant deliberation describes the process that occurs when two equally “sacred” (non-negotiable) values collide during which, we argue, the decision maker calculates that each outcome is intolerable and cannot choose between them. As such, they fail to act in time (or at all) – resulting in decision inertia. However, in instances of a single (rather than colliding) sacred value, individuals are more readily able to commit to a least-worst choice of action. This theory of “colliding sacred values,” if further validated, offers important theoretical implications for the role of value systems in understanding naturalistic decision-making – specifically with regards to making decisions in extreme conditions of uncertainty.