Effect of vitamin D supplementation on cardiovascular disease risk factors and exercise performance in healthy participants: a randomized placebo-controlled preliminary study
Effect of vitamin D supplementation on cardiovascular disease risk factors and exercise performance in healthy participants: a randomized placebo-controlled preliminary study
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DOI：
10.1177/2042018816653357
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发表时间：
2016-08-01
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Iniesta, Raquel Revuelta
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Al-Dujaili, Emad A. S.;Munir, Nimrah;Iniesta, Raquel Revuelta
背景和目标：有证据表明维生素 D 缺乏与心血管疾病 (CVD) 危险因素（包括高血压和皮质醇水平过高）之间存在关联。此外，维生素 D 水平可能会影响运动表现。因此，我们旨在研究维生素 D 摄入量对心血管危险因素、游离尿皮质醇和运动表现的影响。方法：在健康参与者 (n = 15) 中进行了一项随机安慰剂对照单盲平行试验。他们每天接受 2000 IU（50 微克）维生素 D3 (n = 9) 或安慰剂（乳糖）(n = 6)，持续 14 天。在基线、干预第 7 天和第 14 天记录身体成分、收缩压 (SBP)、舒张压 (DBP) 和动脉弹性（通过脉搏波速度 PWV 测量）。总共收集了两份 24 小时尿液样本来估计游离皮质醇和可的松水平。使用自行车测力计在基线和干预第 14 天评估运动表现，在运动前后测量血压和脉搏波速度。记录 20 分钟内骑行的距离以及博格量表感知用力 (RPE) 率。结果：在干预组中，第 14 天，维生素 D 补充剂显着降低了收缩压和舒张压，从基线时的 115.8 17.1 和 75.4 +/- 10.3 降至 106.3 +/- 10.9 (p = 0.022) 和 68.5 +/- 10.1分别为毫米汞柱 (p = 0.012)。维生素 D 组的动脉僵硬度也显着降低（从 7.45 +/- 1.55 降至 6.11 +/- 1.89，p = 0.049）。尿游离皮质醇水平和皮质醇/可的松比率分别从 162.65 +/- 58.9 nmol/天和 2.22 +/- 0.7 显着降低至 96.4 +/- 37.2 (p = 0.029) 和 1.04 +/- 0.4 (p = 0.017)。摄入维生素 D 后，运动引起的 SBP 和 DBP 显着降低，分别从 130.7 +/- 12.2 降至 116.1 +/- 8.1 (p = 0.012)，从 76.2 +/- 8.4 降至 70.5 +/- 7.7 mmHg (p = 0.042)。 20 分钟内骑行的距离从 4.98 +/- 2.65 显着增加到 6.51 +/- 2.28 公里 (p = 0.020)，而博格量表 RPE 从 5.13 +/- 1.36 减少到 4.25 +/- 0.71 RPE (p = 0.021)。在安慰剂组中，没有观察到对 CVD 危险因素和运动表现的显着影响。 结论：这些结果表明，每日补充维生素 D 可能会改善 CVD 危险因素，包括降低 11-HSD1 活性（皮质醇/可的松比率下降），并改善健康个体的运动表现。然而，需要大规模研究来验证我们的发现。
Background and objectives: Evidence suggests associations between vitamin D deficiency and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, including hypertension and excessive cortisol levels. Also, vitamin D levels may impact exercise performance. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effects of vitamin D intake on cardiovascular risk factors, free urinary cortisol and exercise performance.Methods: A randomized placebo-controlled single-blinded parallel trial was conducted in healthy participants (n = 15). They received 2000 IU (50 mu g) vitamin D3 per day (n = 9) or placebo (lactose) (n = 6) for 14 days. Body composition, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and arterial elasticity (as measured by pulse wave velocity, PWV) were recorded at baseline, day 7 and day 14 of intervention. A total of two 24-hour urine samples were collected to estimate free cortisol and cortisone levels. Exercise performance was assessed at the baseline and day 14 of the intervention using a bike ergometer in which BP and PWV were measured before and after exercise. The distance cycled in 20 minutes and the Borg Scale rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded.Results: In the intervention arm, at day 14, vitamin D supplementation significantly reduced SBP and DBP from 115.8 17.1 and 75.4 +/- 10.3 at baseline to 106.3 +/- 10.9 (p = 0.022) and 68.5 +/- 10.1 mmHg (p = 0.012) respectively. Also arterial stiffness was markedly reduced in the vitamin D group (from 7.45 +/- 1.55 to 6.11 +/- 1.89, p = 0.049). Urinary free cortisol levels and cortisol/cortisone ratio were significantly reduced from 162.65 +/- 58.9 nmol/day and 2.22 +/- 0.7 to 96.4 +/- 37.2 (p = 0.029) and 1.04 +/- 0.4 (p = 0.017) respectively. Exercise-induced SBP and DBP were significantly reduced post vitamin D intake from 130.7 +/- 12.2 to 116.1 +/- 8.1 (p = 0.012) and from 76.2 +/- 8.4 to 70.5 +/- 7.7 mmHg (p = 0.042) respectively. The distance cycled in 20 minutes significantly increased from 4.98 +/- 2.65 to 6.51 +/- 2.28km (p = 0.020), while the Borg Scale RPE reduced from 5.13 +/- 1.36 to 4.25 +/- 0.71 RPE (p = 0.021). In the placebo arm, no significant effects on CVD risk factors and exercise performance were observed.Conclusion: These results suggest that daily vitamin D supplementation may ameliorate CVD risk factors including a decrease in 11-HSD1 activity, as evidenced by the decrease in the cortisol/cortisone ratio, and improve exercise performance in healthy individuals. However, large scale studies are required to verify our findings.