Availability and characteristics of betel products in the U.S.
Availability and characteristics of betel products in the U.S.
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美国槟榔产品的供应情况和特点
DOI：
10.1080/02791072.2008.10400646
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发表时间：
2008-09
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Balster RL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Blank M;Deshpande L;Balster RL
槟榔的使用包括口服将槟榔碎片（含有胆碱能激动剂槟榔碱的槟榔棕榈种子）与消石灰包裹在槟榔叶（荠菜植物）中或各种含有槟榔和/或槟榔植物部分的切碎或粉末状产品。该混合物的添加剂包括儿茶（槟榔提取物）、香料/甜味剂（例如糖精、丁香）和/或烟草。槟榔的使用在亚洲和东印度最为常见；然而，人们对这些产品在该地区以外的可用性和特性知之甚少。因此，在弗吉尼亚州里士满地区购买了槟榔产品和添加剂的代表性样品。 2006 年 3 月至 5 月期间，我们走访了 5 个地点。成功购买的产品包括仅含有槟榔的产品（7 种）、含有槟榔/烟草的产品（3 种）、仅含有烟草的产品（4 种）和含有添加剂的产品（4 种）。大多数槟榔产品在包装上列出了成分，尽管有些槟榔产品没有明确区分含烟草和不含烟草的产品。重要的是，七分之七的槟榔和三种槟榔/烟草产品中的一种省略了任何与健康相关的警告。所有产品都很便宜，并且在参观的杂货店中相对容易获得。需要进行更多研究，以便准确估计产品进入美国和其他世界市场的情况，以及随之而来对公众健康的影响。
Betel use involves oral placement of shards of areca nut (Areca catechu palm seed containing the cholinergic agonist arecoline) wrapped with slaked lime in a betel leaf (Piper betle plant) or various chopped or powdered products containing areca nut and/or parts of the betel plant. Additives to this mixture include catechu (areca palm extract), spices/sweeteners (e.g., saccharin, cloves), and/or tobacco. Betel use is most common in Asia and East India; however, little is known about the availability and characteristics of these products outside of this region. Thus, a representative sample of betel products and additives was purchased in the Richmond, Virginia area. Five venues were visited between March and May, 2006. Products successfully purchased were those containing betel alone (seven), betel/tobacco (three), tobacco alone (four), and additives (four). Most betel products listed ingredients on the packaging, though some did not explicitly distinguish between those with versus without tobacco. Importantly, seven of seven betel alone and one of three betel/tobacco products omitted any health-related warnings. All products were inexpensive and relatively obtainable in the groceries visited. More research is warranted in order to accurately estimate product emergence into the U.S. and other world markets, and the consequent impact on public health.