Environmental-economic benefits and trade-offs on sustainably certified coffee farms
Environmental-economic benefits and trade-offs on sustainably certified coffee farms
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ecolind.2017.04.023
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发表时间：
2017-08-01
影响因子：
6.9
通讯作者：
Virginio, Elias de Melo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Haggar, Jeremy;Soto, Gabriela;Virginio, Elias de Melo
人们认识到，种植不同遮荫树的咖啡比密集型生产方式更能保护生物多样性。可持续认证已被提议作为保护荫生咖啡的激励措施。全球40%的咖啡生产被认证为可持续发展，因此需要证据来证明认证是否支持荫咖啡的环境效益。环境和经济数据来自尼加拉瓜的278个咖啡农场，分为非认证和五种不同的可持续认证。农场的倾向得分与海拔高度、咖啡面积和农民教育程度相匹配，以确保非认证农场和认证农场之间的可比性。在所有认证的农场有更好的环境特性比非认证的一些指标，但没有更好的所有指标。获得认证的农场通常比未获得认证的农场获得更好的价格。不同认证的农场有不同的投资策略;实践农场具有高投资和高回报的策略，而乌茨和有机农场具有低投资，低生产率的策略。树木多样性与生产力、价格和总的净收入呈负相关，但对于获得较高价格的认证农场则不然。认证使农场具有更好的环境特征和管理，为大多数农民提供一些经济利益，并可能有助于减轻环境/经济权衡。
Coffee with diverse shade trees is recognized as conserving greater biodiversity than more intensive production methods. Sustainable certification has been proposed as an incentive to conserve shade grown coffee. With 40% of global coffee production certified as sustainable, evidence is needed to demonstrate whether certification supports the environmental benefits of shade coffee. Environmental and economic data were taken from 278 coffee farms in Nicaragua divided between non-certified and five different sustainable certifications. Farms were propensity-score matched by altitude, area of coffee and farmer education to ensure comparability between non certified and certified farms. Farms under all certifications had better environmental characteristics than non certified for some indicators, but none were better for all indicators. Certified farms generally received better prices than non-certified farms. Farms with different certifications had different investment strategies; C.A.F.E. Practice farms had high investment and high return strategies, while Utz and Organic farms had low investment, low productivity strategies. Tree diversity was inversely related to productivity, price and net revenue in general, but not for certified farms that received higher prices. Certification differentiates farms with better environmental characteristics and management, provides some economic benefits to most farmers, and may contribute to mitigating environment/economic trade-offs.