Humanitarianisms in context

Humanitarianisms in context
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人道主义的背景

DOI:
10.1080/13507486.2015.1117422
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发表时间:
2016
期刊:
Revue européenne d'histoire
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
O'Sullivan K
O'Sullivan K
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
O'Sullivan K

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本导言从三个方面描述了非国家人道主义迅速发展的历史。首先,它认为我们应该少从断裂或中断的角度来思考人道主义,而应该更多地关注加速的时刻和塑造这种叙事的连续性:地方、国家和国际话语之间的关系如何在帝国和后殖民世界之间的转变中,在宗教和世俗传统之间的对话中,以及在非殖民化的变革进程中发挥作用,放松管制和全球化。第二,我们建议需要重新思考非国家人道主义的地理。提请注意跨国背景和传统,其中人道主义的想法已经阐明不仅增加了我们的跨国行动和全球公民社会的力量超越西方的理解,我们认为,它使我们能够更好地欣赏无数的语言和实践的人道主义在全球范围内。最后,本导言还重新审视了动机问题。我们认为,通过超越国家,我们可以更好地理解塑造捐赠行为的各种动机:从同情心到占领市场,对效率的追求,以及地方,国家和国际身份的构建。
This introduction describes the rapidly expanding history of non-state humanitarianism in terms of three themes. First, it argues that we should think about humanitarianism less in terms of ruptures or breaks, and focus more on the moments of acceleration and the continuities that shaped that narrative: how the relationships among local, national and international discourses were played out in the shift between imperial and post-colonial worlds, in the dialogue between religious and secular traditions, and in the transformative processes of decolonization, de-regulation and globalization. Second, we suggest the need to re-think the geography of non-state humanitarianism. Drawing attention to the transnational contexts and traditions in which ideas of humanitarianism have been articulated not only adds to our understanding of transnational action and the strength of global civil society beyond the West, we argue, it allows us to better appreciate the myriad languages and practices of humanitarianism employed in a global context. Finally, this introduction also re-visits the question of motivation. By looking beyond the state, we argue, we can better understand the variety of motives that shaped the act of giving: from compassion to capturing markets, the search for efficiency, and the construction of local, national and international identities.
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