Analytical methods for ecosystem resilience: A hydrological investigation
Analytical methods for ecosystem resilience: A hydrological investigation
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生态系统恢复力的分析方法：水文调查
DOI：
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
R. Argent
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
T. Peterson;A. Western;R. Argent
近年来，许多论文定量地探讨了多种稳定状态和弹性在广泛的水文系统。许多人通过从不同的初始状态变量进行模拟来确定多个稳态，少数人使用更先进的平衡或极限环延拓分析技术来量化稳态的数量如何随单个模型参数变化。然而，就像对其他自然系统的弹性调查一样，这些研究往往忽略了对这些基本弹性科学技术的解释；依靠复杂的数值方法而不是分析方法；而忽略了非线性系统数学中更高级的技术。为了在水文学中更广泛地采用先进的弹性技术，并更广泛地推进弹性科学，本文详细介绍了定量弹性研究的基本方法。利用空间集总无承压含水层的简单模型，进行了一参数和二参数的代数延拓分析。然后使用在一定降水率范围内导出的Lyapunov稳定性曲线对每个稳态吸引子盆地的形状进行量化，但发现与随机模拟显示的弹性行为不一致。最值得注意的是，与标准弹性概念相反，从湿润或干燥时期（反之亦然）的稳定状态之间的切换并不是通过跨越稳定状态之间的阈值而发生的。它发生在超出两个稳态域时，产生逆时针的磁滞回线。此外，还确定了使用恒定强迫速率的平衡延续无法检测到的临时稳定状态。通过将这些发现与Lyapunov稳定性曲线相结合，针对模型的内源性干扰和模型从外源性干扰中恢复，开发了新的弹性测量方法。
In recent years a number of papers have quantitatively explored multiple steady states and resilience within a wide range of hydrological systems. Many have identified multiple steady states by conducting simulations from different initial state variables and a few have used the more advanced technique of equilibrium or limit cycle continuation analysis to quantify how the number of steady states may change with a single model parameter. However, like resilience investigations into other natural systems, these studies often omit explanation of these fundamental resilience science techniques; rely on complex numerical methods rather than analytical methods; and overlook use of more advanced techniques from nonlinear systems mathematics. In the interests of wider adoption of advanced resilience techniques within hydrology, and advancing resilience science more broadly, this paper details fundamental methods for quantitative resilience investigations. Using a simple model of a spatially lumped unconfined aquifer, one and two parameter continuation analysis was undertaken algebraically. The shape of each steady state attractor basin was then quantified using Lyapunov stability curves derived at a range of precipitation rates, but was found to be inconsistent with the resilience behavior demonstrated by stochastic simulations. Most notably, and contrary to standard resilience concepts, the switching between steady states from wet or dry periods (and vice versa) did not occur by crossing of the threshold between the steady states. It occurred by exceedance of the two steady‐state domain, producing a counterclockwise hysteresis loop. Additionally, temporary steady states were identified that could not have been detected using equilibrium continuation with a constant forcing rate. By combining these findings with the Lyapunov stability curves, new measures of resilience were developed for endogenous disturbances to the model and for the recovery from disturbances exogenous to the model.