Glass import and production in Hispania during the early medieval period: The glass from Ciudad de Vascos (Toledo).
Glass import and production in Hispania during the early medieval period: The glass from Ciudad de Vascos (Toledo).
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0182129
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Schibille N
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
de Juan Ares J;Schibille N
采用激光烧蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱（LA-ICP-MS）对西班牙托莱多中世纪瓦斯科斯城的141块玻璃碎片进行了分析。根据所使用的助熔剂，这种玻璃可分为三种类型：矿物碱、富含钠的植物灰和钠灰和铅的混合物。泡碱玻璃可以分配给地中海东部各种已建立的初级生产群体。不同类型的植物灰玻璃表明二氧化硅来源和植物灰成分的差异，反映了不同的供应机制。虽然早期的植物灰分群在类型学和成分方面可能与来自近东的伊斯兰玻璃有关，但后来样本的化学特征似乎与来自伊比利亚半岛的玻璃有关。这对我们理解西班牙新兴玻璃工业以及玻璃集团和原材料的分布模式具有重要意义。瓦斯科斯玻璃所用的植物灰富含苏打和低钾含量，类似于地中海东部生产的灰。因此，黎凡特的植物灰有可能是进口的，并用于西班牙伊斯兰时期的玻璃车间。在加洛林王朝时期，中欧和北欧发展了以富含钾的木灰为基础的独立玻璃工业，与此不同的是，在伊比利亚半岛，苏打灰和苏打灰铅玻璃的流行表明了它与伊斯兰东方的商业和技术联系。因此，我们的研究追溯了导致西班牙初级玻璃制造工业发展的几个阶段。
One hundred and forty-one glass fragments from medieval Ciudad de Vascos (Toledo, Spain) were analysed by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). The glasses fall into three types according to the fluxing agents used: mineral natron, soda-rich plant ash, and a combination of soda ash and lead. The natron glasses can be assigned to various established primary production groups of eastern Mediterranean provenance. Different types of plant ash glasses indicate differences in the silica source as well as the plant ash component, reflecting changing supply mechanisms. While the earlier plant ash groups can be related to Islamic glasses from the Near East, both in terms of typology and composition, the chemical signature of the later samples appear to be specific to glass from the Iberian Peninsula. This has important implications for our understanding of the emerging glass industry in Spain and the distribution patterns of glass groups and raw materials. The plant ash that was used for the Vascos glasses is rich in soda with low levels of potash, similar to ash produced in the eastern Mediterranean. It could therefore be possible that Levantine plant ash was imported and used in Islamic period glass workshops in Spain. Unlike central and northern Europe where an independent glass industry based on potassium-rich wood ash developed during the Carolingian period, the prevalence of soda ash and soda ash lead glass on the Iberian Peninsula indicates its commercial and technological interconnection with the Islamic east. Our study thus traces several stages leading to the development of a specifically Spanish primary glassmaking industry.
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影响因子：
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