Development and evaluation of a simulation model for dairy cattle production systems integrated with forage crop production.
Development and evaluation of a simulation model for dairy cattle production systems integrated with forage crop production.
复制标题
与饲料作物生产相结合的奶牛生产系统模拟模型的开发和评估。
DOI：
10.5713/ajas.2009.80098
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发表时间：
2009
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
H. Hirooka
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
K. Kikuhara;H. Kumagai;H. Hirooka
作物-牲畜混合耕作系统取决于养分保存和循环的效率。家庭种植的草料被用作动物饲料，动物排泄物被用作耕地的肥料。本研究的目的是建立一个日本奶牛混合饲养系统模型。该模型由四个子模型组成：营养需要量模型，根据日本饲养标准确定能量、粗蛋白质、干物质摄入量、钙、磷和维生素A的需要量;采用线性规划确定以最低成本满足营养需求的最佳日粮的最佳日粮配方模型;畜群动态模型计算每个繁殖周期的奶牛数量;整个农场优化模型从经济和环境角度评估整个农场管理，并优化目标农场或系统的策略。为了检验模型的有效性，将其预测与奶牛场管理的最佳实践进行了比较。敏感性分析表明，高产奶牛导致更好的经济效益，但更高的精神负荷奶牛系统与饲料作物生产相结合。
Crop-livestock mixed farming systems depend on the efficiency with which nutrients are conserved and recycled. Home-grown forage is used as animal feed and animal excretions are applied to cultivated crop lands as manure. The objective of this study was to develop a mixed farming system model for dairy cattle in Japan The model consisted of four sub-models: the nutrient requirement model, based on the Japanese Feeding Standards to determine requirements for energy, crude protein, dry matter intake, calcium, phosphorus and vitamin A; the optimum diet formulation model for determining the optimum diets that satisfy nutrient requirements at lowest cost, using linear programming; the herd dynamic model to calculate the numbers of cows in each reproductive cycle; and the whole farm optimization model to evaluate whole farm management from economic and environmental viewpoints and to optimize strategies for the target farm or system. To examine the model's validity, its predictions were compared against best practices for dairy farm management. Sensitivity analyses indicated that higher yielding cows lead to better economic results but higher emvironmental load in dairy cattle systems integrated with forage crop production.