Automatic Emotion Regulation After Social Exclusion: Tuning to Positivity
Automatic Emotion Regulation After Social Exclusion: Tuning to Positivity
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DOI：
10.1037/a0023534
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发表时间：
2011-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Reid, Mark W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
DeWall, C. Nathan;Twenge, Jean M.;Reid, Mark W.
九个实验测试竞争的假设，无意识的情感反应，急性社会排斥，以及如何这种反应可能与积极的心理健康。结果强烈和一致表明，急性社会排斥增加无意识的积极影响。与未被排除的参与者相比，被排除的参与者比接受的参与者回忆起更多的童年积极记忆（实验1），在他们对单词相似性的判断中给予积极情绪更大的权重（实验2和3），并完成了更多的模糊词干与快乐的单词（实验4a和4b）。这一过程显然是自动的，因为被要求想象排斥的参与者高估了外显的痛苦，低估了内隐的积极性（实验3）。最后的四个实验表明，这种自动情绪调节过程被发现在参与者低（但不高）的抑郁症状（实验5和6）和参与者高（但不低）的自尊（实验7和8）。这些发现表明，急性排斥启动了一个自动的情绪调节过程，在这个过程中，积极的情绪变得非常容易获得，这与积极的心理健康有关。
Nine experiments tested competing hypotheses regarding nonconscious affective responses to acute social exclusion and how such responses may relate to positive mental health. The results strongly and consistently indicated that acute social exclusion increased nonconscious positive affect. Compared to nonexcluded participants, excluded participants recalled more positive memories from childhood than did accepted participants (Experiment 1), gave greater weight to positive emotion in their judgments of word similarity (Experiments 2 and 3), and completed more ambiguous word stems with happy words (Experiments 4a and 4b). This process was apparently automatic, as participants asked to imagine exclusion overestimated explicit distress and underestimated implicit positivity (Experiment 3). Four final experiments showed that this automatic emotion regulation process was found among participants low (but not high) in depressive symptoms (Experiments 5 and 6) and among participants high (but not low) in self-esteem (Experiments 7 and 8). These findings suggest that acute exclusion sets in motion an automatic emotion regulation process in which positive emotions become highly accessible, which relates to positive mental health.