In vitro effects of coal fly ashes: hydroxyl radical generation, iron release, and DNA damage and toxicity in rat lung epithelial cells.
In vitro effects of coal fly ashes: hydroxyl radical generation, iron release, and DNA damage and toxicity in rat lung epithelial cells.
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DOI：
10.1080/089583799196628
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发表时间：
1999
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
J. Maanen;P. Borm;A. M. Knaapen;M. Herwijnen;P.A.E.L. Schilderman-Houba;K. Smith;A. Aust;M. Tomatis;B. Fubini
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文献类型：
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作者：
J. Maanen;P. Borm;A. M. Knaapen;M. Herwijnen;P.A.E.L. Schilderman-Houba;K. Smith;A. Aust;M. Tomatis;B. Fubini
由于表面自由基、炎症和铁释放而产生的氧自由基被认为是石英的不良作用的机制，例如肺气肿、纤维化和致癌作用。因此，我们测量了铁的释放，羟基自由基的非细胞生成，氧化DNA损伤和细胞毒性在大鼠肺上皮细胞（RLE）细胞由不同的粉煤灰（CFA），含有石英和铁。测试了7个不同粒度和石英含量（高达14.1%）的CFA样品，沿着二氧化硅（α-石英）、煤粉和煤矿粉尘（可吸入）作为阳性对照颗粒，细TiO（2）（TiO）作为阴性对照。五个测试样品是粉煤灰（PFA），两个样品是煤气化（SCG）灰（石英含量<0.1%），一个样品是磨碎的煤。SCG和PFA粉煤灰之间没有显着差异，观察和毒性没有相关的理化特性或效果参数。稳定的表面自由基只检测到在参考颗粒二氧化硅和煤矿粉尘，但没有在CFA。另一方面，羟基自由基的产生，观察过氧化氢的存在下，这是正相关的铁动员和抑制去铁胺，但不相关的铁或石英含量。同时观察了CFA对RLE细胞DNA氧化损伤与细胞外羟自由基产生的关系。羟基自由基的产生和氧化损伤的CFA的差异与铁和石英含量无关，但可吸入灰（MAT 023，38和41）显示了非常广泛的羟基自由基的产生水平相比，nonrespirable粉煤灰和可吸入的参考。这种自由基的产生显然与这些颗粒中的铁动员有关。总之，CFA和阳性对照品（二氧化硅、煤矿粉尘）影响大鼠肺上皮细胞的机制似乎不同，数据表明CFA中的石英与二氧化硅或煤矿粉尘中的石英作用不同。另一方面，结果表明，在CFA引起的活性氧物种的产生和随后的影响中，尺寸和铁释放起着重要作用。
Oxygen radical generation due to surface radicals, inflammation, and iron release has been suggested as the mechanism of adverse effects of quartz, such as emphysema, fibrosis, and carcinogenic effects. Therefore, we measured iron release, acellular generation of hydroxyl radicals, and oxidative DNA damage and cytotoxicity in rat lung epithelial (RLE) cells by different coal fly ashes (CFA) that contain both quartz and iron. Seven samples of CFA with different particle size and quartz content (up to 14.1%) were tested along with silica (alpha-quartz), ground coal, and coal mine dust (respirable) as positive control particles, and fine TiO(2) (anatase) as a negative control. Five test samples were pulverized fuel ashes (PFA), two samples were coal gasification (SCG) ashes (quartz content <0.1%), and one sample was a ground coal. No marked differences between SCG and PFA fly ashes were observed, and toxicity did not correlate with physicochemical characteristics or effect parameters. Stable surface radicals were only detected in the reference particles silica and coal mine dust, but not in CFA. On the other hand, hydroxyl radical generation by all fly ashes was observed in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, which was positively correlated with iron mobilization and inhibited by deferoxamine, but not correlated with iron or quartz content. Also a relationship between acellular hydroxyl radical generation and oxidative DNA damage in RLE cells by CFA was observed. Differences in hydroxyl radical generation and oxidative damage by the CFA were not related to iron and quartz content, but the respirable ashes (MAT023, 38, and 41) showed a very extensive level of hydroxyl radical generation in comparison to nonrespirable fly ashes and respirable references. This radical generation was clearly related to the iron mobilization from these particles. In conclusion, the mechanisms by which CFA and the positive references (silica, coal mine dust) affect rat lung epithelial cells seem to be different, and the data suggest that quartz in CFA does not act the same as quartz in silica or coal mine dust. On the other hand, the results indicate an important role for size and iron release in generation and subsequent effects of reactive oxygen species caused by CFA.