Evaluation of cataract formation in fish exposed to environmental radiation at Chernobyl and Fukushima.
Evaluation of cataract formation in fish exposed to environmental radiation at Chernobyl and Fukushima.
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切尔诺贝利和福岛暴露于环境辐射的鱼类白内障形成的评估。
DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165957
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Lerebours A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Lerebours A
最近的研究显然发现辐射照射对生活在切尔诺贝利附近的鸟类和田鼠形成白内障的有害影响，这是对现行辐射防护条例的一个重大挑战。这项研究利用现有的最先进技术对辐射照射对白内障形成的影响进行了综合评估，以评估从乌克兰切尔诺贝利和日本福岛捕获的鱼中提取的晶状体的白内障状况。据推测，这些新的数据将揭示辐射剂量和白内障形成的早期指标之间的正相关性，从原子到毫米长度尺度分析了晶状体的结构、功能和光学特性。我们在SPring-8和DIAMOND同步加速器上使用小角X射线散射（SAXS）测量了透镜晶体蛋白的短程有序度、由这些蛋白产生的梯度折射率的分布、上皮细胞密度和组织以及最后每个透镜的焦距。不同辐射剂量下鱼类晶体蛋白质（透镜）的干涉函数和短程有序度（X射线衍射图）。可以说，在自然环境中发展白内障的动物更有可能，例如，遭受捕食，导致幸存者偏见。但是，通过评估透镜中的小尺度分子和细胞变化（白内障前期形成），本文提出的交叉长度尺度研究显著缓解了这一问题。
Recent studies apparently finding deleterious effects of radiation exposure on cataract formation in birds and voles living near Chernobyl represent a major challenge to current radiation protection regulations. This study conducted an integrated assessment of radiation exposure on cataractogenesis using the most advanced technologies available to assess the cataract status of lenses extracted from fish caught at both Chernobyl in Ukraine and Fukushima in Japan. It was hypothesised that these novel data would reveal positive correlations between radiation dose and early indicators of cataract formation.The structure, function and optical properties of lenses were analysed from atomic to millimetre length scales. We measured the short-range order of the lens crystallin proteins using Small Angle X-Ray Scattering (SAXS) at both the SPring-8 and DIAMOND synchrotrons, the profile of the graded refractive index generated by these proteins, the epithelial cell density and organisation and finally the focal length of each lens.The results showed no evidence of a difference between the focal length, the epithelial cell densities, the refractive indices, the interference functions and the short-range order of crystallin proteins (X-ray diffraction patterns) in lens from fish exposed to different radiation doses. It could be argued that animals in the natural environment which developed cataract would be more likely, for example, to suffer predation leading to survivor bias. But the cross-length scale study presented here, by evaluating small scale molecular and cellular changes in the lens (pre-cataract formation) significantly mitigates against this issue.