Behavioral thermoregulation of caterpillars is altered by temperature, but not parasitism: An empirical field study
Behavioral thermoregulation of caterpillars is altered by temperature, but not parasitism: An empirical field study
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DOI：
10.1002/ecs2.4578
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发表时间：
2023-06
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
M. Moore;Meggan A Alston;J. Kingsolver
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Moore;Meggan A Alston;J. Kingsolver
实验室分析表明，寄生虫的耐热性往往低于其宿主。但是寄主和寄生虫的生理耐受性和行为反应如何结合联合收割机来影响它们在异质田间环境中的生态相互作用在很大程度上是未知的。我们解决了这一挑战，使用模式昆虫系统的茧蜂寄生，Cotesia congregata，其毛虫主机，天蛾。我们在田间进行了小气候的实验操作，以确定白天温度升高如何改变宿主和寄生虫的行为、表现和生存。我们的实验操作增加了宿主植物的日最高温度，但对整体平均温度的影响可以忽略不计。这些增加的最高温度导致宿主和寄生蜂的生理和行为发生微妙的、生物学相关的变化。我们发现，寄生的黄蜂并没有显着改变毛毛虫的体温调节行为，而实验增加每日最高温度导致寄生和未寄生的毛毛虫被发现更频繁地在较冷的微生境。总的来说，我们没有观察到完整的寄生虫死亡率在极端温度下的实验室研究，但深入了解亚致死的影响，增加每日最高温度对主机和寄生虫的行为和生理。气候变化将改变生物体面临的生物和非生物环境，我们在这里表明，在该领域的经验性实验对于理解生物体对这些新环境的反应非常重要。
Laboratory assays show that parasites often have lower heat tolerance than their hosts. But how physiological tolerances and behavioral responses of hosts and parasites combine to affect their ecological interactions in heterogeneous field environments is largely unknown. We addressed this challenge using the model insect system of the braconid wasp parasitoid,Cotesia congregata, and its caterpillar host,Manduca sexta. We used experimental manipulations of microclimate in the field to determine how elevated daytime temperatures altered the behavior, performance, and survival of host and parasite. Our experimental manipulation increased daily maximum temperatures on host plants, but had negligible effects on overall mean temperature. These increased maximum temperatures resulted in subtle, biologically relevant, changes in physiology and behavior of the host and parasitoid. We found that parasitism by the wasp did not significantly alter caterpillar thermoregulatory behavior, while experimentally increased daily maximum temperatures resulted in both parasitized and unparasitized caterpillars to be found more frequently in cooler microhabitats. Overall, we did not observe the complete parasitoid mortality seen at extreme temperatures in laboratory studies, but gained insight into the sublethal effects of increased daily maximum temperatures on host and parasitoid behavior and physiology. Climate change will alter both the biotic and abiotic environments that organisms face, and we show here that empirical experiments in the field are important for understanding organismal response to these new environments.