Recognition of herbivory-associated molecular patterns
Recognition of herbivory-associated molecular patterns
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DOI：
10.1104/pp.107.113118
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发表时间：
2008-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
7.4
通讯作者：
Boland, Wilhelm
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mithoefer, Axel;Boland, Wilhelm
在大约3.5亿年的漫长共存期间，植物、昆虫和其他节肢动物进化出了各种不同的相互作用（Gatehouse, 2002）。一些相互作用可能对植物有益，如昆虫授粉或种子传播的情况，而另一些则是有害的，如食草昆虫的攻击（图1）。为了成功地对抗侵略者，植物必须装备一个复杂的感觉系统，快速有效地感知来自环境的信号，从而发现潜在的敌人，随后将这些信号转化为适当的生化和生理反应。因此，在受到攻击时，植物细胞中可以检测到许多反应，包括离子通量和蛋白质磷酸化的变化，活性氧和氧脂质的形成，以及宿主植物中各种防御反应的启动（Kessler和Baldwin, 2002； Maffei等，2007）。从这些观察中产生的有趣问题是，植物如何识别特定的食草动物，涉及哪些类型的信号，这些信号如何被感知，以及它们如何转化为下游信号通路，参与植物防御激活。植物细胞中的信号感知可能依赖于化学信号的特定受体的存在或基于局部组织损伤的一般识别过程。原则上，取食过程结合了同一事物的两个方面：对受感染组织的机械伤害和将口腔分泌物从取食生物输送到受伤组织中（即被攻击的植物受到机械和化学刺激的挑战）。本更新介绍了草食衍生代谢物，它们是信号化合物的重要候选物；我们还将讨论草食动物识别的进展，即通过特定结合蛋白感知昆虫来源的信号。这些结合蛋白的特性表明它们参与信号感知。
During their long, approximately 350 million-year period of coexistence, plants, insects, and other arthropods evolved a variety of different interactions (Gatehouse, 2002). Some interactions can be beneficial for the plant, as in the case of insect-mediated pollination or seed dispersion, and others are deleterious, as in the case of attack by herbivorous insects (Fig. 1). To successfully combat aggressors, plants must be equipped with a sophisticated sensory system to perceive signals fast and efficiently from their environment and thereby detect potential enemies and subsequently translate and integrate such signals into appropriate biochemical and physiological responses. Thus, upon attack, a number of reactions are detectable in plant cells, including changes in ion flux and protein phosphorylation, formation of reactive oxygen species and oxylipins, as well as initiation of various defense reactions in the host plant (Kessler and Baldwin, 2002; Maffei et al., 2007b). Intriguing questions arising from these observations are how plants recognize the particular herbivores, what kinds of signals are involved, how such signals are perceived, and how they are converted into downstream signaling pathways involved in plant defense activation. Signal perception in the plant cell may rely on the presence of specific receptors for chemical signals or on general recognition processes based on localized tissue injuries. In principle, the feeding process combines two sites of the same coin: mechanical wounding of the infested tissue and introduction of oral secretions that are delivered from the feeding organism into the wounded tissue (ie the attacked plant is challenged by both a mechanical as well as a chemical stimulus). This Update introduces herbivore-derived metabolites, which represent serious candidates for signaling compounds; we will also discuss advances in herbivore recognition, namely, the perception of insect-derived signals by specific binding proteins. The properties of these binding proteins suggest their involvement in signal perception.