Mechanistic Insight into the Uptake and Fate of Persistent Organic Pollutants in Sea Ice
Mechanistic Insight into the Uptake and Fate of Persistent Organic Pollutants in Sea Ice
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DOI：
10.1021/acs.est.9b00967
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发表时间：
2019-06-18
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Wynn, Peter
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Garnett, Jack;Halsall, Crispin;Wynn, Peter
持久性有机污染物在海冰中的命运是一个研究很少的领域，但冰是海洋食物网底部生物的重要栖息地。这项研究提出了实验室控制的实验，以调查机制的有机污染物在海冰从人工海水生长的命运。海冰形成的结果是在夹带的化学物质从海水中，和浓度分布在散装冰一般都表现出最高水平的上层（冰-大气界面）和下层（冰-海洋界面）的冰层，这表明他们的合并和分布的盐水平流的影响。从1-D海冰盐水动力学模型的结果支持这一点，但也表明，可能需要其他过程来准确地模拟海冰中的低极性化合物。融化实验的结果进一步证实了这一点，该实验不仅表明化学物质在盐度较高的盐水中更为富集，而且还揭示了化学物质以不同的速率从海冰中释放出来。我们用我们的研究结果来证明过程的重要性，控制化学命运的海冰，提供了一个途径，暴露于冰相关的生物群的基础上的远洋食物网的盐水的发生和运动。
The fate of persistent organic pollutants in sea ice is a poorly researched area and yet ice serves as an important habitat for organisms at the base of the marine foodweb. This study presents laboratory-controlled experiments to investigate the mechanisms governing the fate of organic contaminants in sea ice grown from artificial seawater. Sea ice formation was shown to result in the entrainment of chemicals from seawater, and concentration profiles in bulk ice generally showed the highest levels in both the upper (ice-atmosphere interface) and lower (ice-ocean interface) ice layers, suggesting their incorporation and distribution is influenced by brine advection. Results from a 1-D sea ice brine dynamics model supported this, but also indicated that other processes may be needed to accurately model low-polarity compounds in sea ice. This was reinforced by results from melt experiment, which not only showed chemicals were more enriched in saltier brine, but also revealed that chemicals are released from sea ice at variable rates. We use our results to demonstrate the importance of processes related to the occurrence and movement of brine for controlling chemical fate in sea ice which provides a pathway for exposure to ice-associated biota at the base of the pelagic food web.