Specificity Distorted: Chemical Induction of Biological Paracatalysis.

Specificity Distorted: Chemical Induction of Biological Paracatalysis.
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DOI:
10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00643
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发表时间:
2020-09-29
期刊:
影响因子:
2.9
通讯作者:
Zhang X
Zhang X
中科院分区:
生物学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Callahan BP;Ciulla DA;Wagner AG;Xu Z;Zhang X

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我们将副催化定义为出现异常或非生理反应的加速。由于酶的高特异性,这种副反应通常可以忽略不计。然而,酶的副催化作用可以通过与一种特殊类型的小分子“拮抗剂”(此处称为副催化诱导剂)的相互作用而被放大到具有生物学意义的水平。具有这种不寻常作用模式的化合物往往是天然产物,通过表型筛选偶然发现。在这个角度来看,我们建议两种一般类型的副催化诱导剂。第一种类型促进底物不确定性,其中酶的基态选择性受到损害,使得非天然底物能够转化。第二种类型涉及过渡状态的模糊性,其中副催化诱导剂改变了酶与活化底物的相互作用,引起非天然键的形成。虽然它们是不寻常的,但诱导paracatalysis的小分子作为产生假设的探针和一些物质,即,阿司匹林和氨基糖苷类药物,已经被证明可以作为药物。
We define paracatalysis as the acceleration of a reaction that appears abnormal or nonphysiological. With the high specificity of enzymes, side reactivity of this kind is typically negligible. However, enzyme paracatalysis can be amplified to levels that are biologically significant through interactions with a special class of small molecule “antagonist”, here termed a paracatalytic inducer. Compounds with this unusual mode of action tend to be natural products, identified by chance through phenotypic screens. In this Perspective, we suggest two general types of paracatalytic inducer. The first type promotes substrate ambiguity, where the enzyme’s ground state selectivity is compromised, enabling the transformation of non-native substrates. The second type involves transition state ambiguity, where the paracatalytic inducer changes the enzyme’s interactions with the activated substrate, giving rise to non-native bond making. Although they are unusual, small molecules that induce paracatalysis have established value as hypothesis-generating probes and a few substances, i.e., aspirin and the aminoglycosides, have proven to be translatable as medicines.
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