Accountability and Multi-Level Governance
Accountability and Multi-Level Governance
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问责制和多层次治理
DOI：
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发表时间：
2013
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
G. J. Brandsma
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
G. J. Brandsma
多层次的治理结构在欧洲联盟如雨后春笋般涌现，以至于现在有些人谈到欧洲行政“空间”（Hofmann，2008年; Egeberg和Trondal，2009年）。除了每年通过2，000至2，500项措施的委员会制之外，还有广泛的其他有时被称为“新”的行政安排，包括国家和欧洲层面的行政人员的融合。例如，这些机构包括：国家机构和监管机构在绕过国家政府的网络中结成联盟，有时在委员会的主持下结成联盟;国家专家、公务员和更多的利益攸关方通过委员会的专家组或公开协调系统向委员会提供投入;成员国公务员在理事会的许多工作组中筹备谈判。
Multi-level governance structures are mushrooming in the European Union to the extent that some nowadays speak of a European administrative ‘space’ (Hofmann, 2008; Egeberg and Trondal, 2009). Next to comitology, through which 2,000 to 2,500 measures are adopted each and every year, there is also a wide range of other, sometimes called ‘new’ administrative arrangements that include a fusion of both national- and European-level administrators. These include, for instance, national agencies and regulators allying together in networks that bypass national governments, sometimes under the auspices of the Commission; national experts, civil servants and more stakeholders who provide input to the Commission through its expert groups or open coordination systems; and member state civil servants preparing Council negotiations in its many working parties.