The Translational Status of Cancer Liquid Biopsies
The Translational Status of Cancer Liquid Biopsies
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DOI：
10.1007/s40883-019-00141-2
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发表时间：
2021-09-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Nielsen, Jens
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bratulic, Sinisa;Gatto, Francesco;Nielsen, Jens
精准肿瘤学旨在专门针对患者制定临床决策，以改善治疗结果。这可以通过利用组学信息对肿瘤进行准确的分子表征来实现。肿瘤组织活检是目前分子谱分析的主要信息来源。然而，活检是侵入性的，在解决肿瘤组织的时空异质性方面受到限制。替代性非侵入性液体活检可以利用患者的体液来获取多层肿瘤特异性生物信息（基因组、表观基因组、转录组、蛋白质组、代谢组、循环肿瘤细胞和外泌体）。使用统计和机器学习方法对这些大型且多样化的数据集进行分析和整合可以产生对肿瘤生物学的重要见解，并导致新的诊断、预测和预后生物标志物的发现。将这些新的诊断工具转化为标准的临床实践可以改变肿瘤学，许多已经进入临床使用的液体活检测定法证明了这一点。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了快速发展的癌症生物标志物研究领域所面临的成功和挑战。简明总结 精准肿瘤学旨在专门针对患者制定临床决策，以改善治疗结果。高通量实验和计算方法加速了精准肿瘤学生物标志物的发现，这些方法可以为临床决策提供肿瘤的细粒度表征。此外，液体活检领域的进步允许对患者体液进行非侵入性采样，目的是分析循环生物标志物，从而避免了侵入性肿瘤组织活检的需要。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了液体活检癌症生物标志物研究快速发展领域所面临的成功和挑战。
Precision oncology aims to tailor clinical decisions specifically to patients with the objective of improving treatment outcomes. This can be achieved by leveraging omics information for accurate molecular characterization of tumors. Tumor tissue biopsies are currently the main source of information for molecular profiling. However, biopsies are invasive and limited in resolving spatiotemporal heterogeneity in tumor tissues. Alternative non-invasive liquid biopsies can exploit patient's body fluids to access multiple layers of tumor-specific biological information (genomes, epigenomes, transcriptomes, proteomes, metabolomes, circulating tumor cells, and exosomes). Analysis and integration of these large and diverse datasets using statistical and machine learning approaches can yield important insights into tumor biology and lead to discovery of new diagnostic, predictive, and prognostic biomarkers. Translation of these new diagnostic tools into standard clinical practice could transform oncology, as demonstrated by a number of liquid biopsy assays already entering clinical use. In this review, we highlight successes and challenges facing the rapidly evolving field of cancer biomarker research. Lay Summary Precision oncology aims to tailor clinical decisions specifically to patients with the objective of improving treatment outcomes. The discovery of biomarkers for precision oncology has been accelerated by high-throughput experimental and computational methods, which can inform fine-grained characterization of tumors for clinical decision-making. Moreover, advances in the liquid biopsy field allow non-invasive sampling of patient's body fluids with the aim of analyzing circulating biomarkers, obviating the need for invasive tumor tissue biopsies. In this review, we highlight successes and challenges facing the rapidly evolving field of liquid biopsy cancer biomarker research.