Additive and non-additive effects of birch genotypic diversity on arthropod herbivory in a long-term field experiment
Additive and non-additive effects of birch genotypic diversity on arthropod herbivory in a long-term field experiment
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DOI：
10.1111/oik.01663
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发表时间：
2015-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Koricheva, Julia
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Barton, Kasey E.;Valkama, Elena;Koricheva, Julia
草食动物是自然和管理系统中植物种群动态和群落组成的重要驱动力。长寿植物（如树木）的种内遗传多样性可能会通过树木经历的不同食草动物公会来塑造食草动物的模式。然而，以前的研究植物遗传多样性对食草动物的影响主要是短期的。通过长期的田间试验，研究了树木基因型变异和多样性对银的植食性的影响。使用8个基因型的克隆，我们构建了实验区，包括一个，两个，四个或八个基因型，并测量损害由5个公会的节肢动物食草动物每年两次超过三个不同的年份（四，六，九年后，实验成立）。大多数类型的草食动物的损害基因型变化显着，但基因型抗性排名往往随着时间的推移而变化，没有一个克隆比所有其他的所有类型的草食动物更耐。在样地水平上，桦树基因型多样性对卷叶蛾有显著的正加性效应，对咀嚼型和瘿型有显著的负非加性效应。与此相反，叶挖掘和叶绑损害不受桦树基因型多样性。在不同的地块内，基因型多样性效应的方向不同，这取决于桦树基因型，有些具有较低的，有些具有较高的植食性在混合林。这项研究强调了长期研究的重要性，包括不同的食草动物的摄食公会，以了解植物遗传多样性对节肢动物群落的影响。不同的反应，不同的饲养公会的基因型多样性和变化，随着时间的推移，个别基因型的电阻表明，基因型的混合物是不太可能导致整体减少草食动物随着时间的推移。
Herbivores are important drivers of plant population dynamics and community composition in natural and managed systems. Intraspecific genetic diversity of long-lived plants like trees might shape patterns of herbivory by different guilds of herbivores that trees experience through time. However, previous studies on plant genetic diversity effects on herbivores have been largely short-term. We investigated how tree genotypic variation and diversity influence herbivory of silver birch Betula pendula in a long-term field experiment. Using clones of eight genotypes, we constructed experimental plots consisting of one, two, four or eight genotypes, and measured damage by five guilds of arthropod herbivores twice a year over three different years (four, six and nine years after the experiment was established). Genotypes varied significantly for most types of herbivore damage, but genotype resistance rankings often shifted over time, and none of the clones was more resistant than all others to all types of herbivores. At the plot level, birch genotypic diversity had significant positive additive effect on leaf rollers and negative non-additive effects on chewing herbivores and gall makers. In contrast, leaf-mining and leaf-tying damage was not influenced by birch genotypic diversity. Within diverse plots, the direction of genotypic diversity effects varied depending on birch genotype, some having lower and some having higher herbivory in mixed stands. This research highlights the importance of long-term studies including different feeding guilds of herbivores to understand the effects of plant genetic diversity on arthropod communities. Different responses of various feeding guilds to genotypic diversity and shifts in resistance of individual genotypes over time indicate that genotypic mixtures are unlikely to result in overall reduction in herbivory over time.