Ocular dominance plasticity: Molecular mechanisms revisited
Ocular dominance plasticity: Molecular mechanisms revisited
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DOI：
10.1002/cne.25001
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发表时间：
2020-08
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
T. Kasamatsu;K. Imamura
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
T. Kasamatsu;K. Imamura
眼优势可塑性（ODP）是一种发生在哺乳动物视觉皮层的皮层可塑性，这种可塑性是基于竞争驱动的视差而产生的。此前，有人提出了一种分子机制，即儿茶酚胺在小猫ODP维持中发挥重要作用。在最初的测试中幸存下来后，该假设被进一步推进，以确定去甲肾上腺素（NA）是调节未成熟皮层ODP的关键因素。随后，NA促进ODP的作用扩展到具有年龄相关限制的成人。随着NA可用性的增强，下游的连锁事件导致β肾上腺素受体诱导的cAMP积累，进而激活蛋白激酶a。最终，蛋白激酶易位到细胞核，激活cAMP响应元件结合蛋白（CREB）。CREB是一种细胞转录因子，控制各种基因的转录，支持神经元可塑性和长期记忆。在分子遗传学的出现中，各种类型的新工具已经相对容易地变得可用，ODP研究在啮齿动物模型中已经轻微地采用了原始的概念和方法。在这里，在简要回顾了我们的探索的战略成熟之后，审查转向该领域的后期发展，重点放在以下问题上：(a)我们是否在测试ODP本身？(b)单眼剥夺剥夺了未成熟皮层的什么?(c)双眼竞争的极端重要性；(d)什么是成体可塑性？(e)局部回路的兴奋-抑制平衡；(f)动物模型的物种差异。
Ocular dominance plasticity (ODP) is a type of cortical plasticity operating in visual cortex of mammals that are endowed with binocular vision based on the competition‐driven disparity. Earlier, a molecular mechanism was proposed that catecholamines play an important role in the maintenance of ODP in kittens. Having survived the initial test, the hypothesis was further advanced to identify noradrenaline (NA) as a key factor that regulates ODP in the immature cortex. Later, the ODP‐promoting effect of NA is extended to the adult with age‐related limitations. Following the enhanced NA availability, the chain events downstream lead to the β‐adrenoreceptor‐induced cAMP accumulation, which in turn activates the protein kinase A. Eventually, the protein kinase translocates to the cell nucleus to activate cAMP responsive element binding protein (CREB). CREB is a cellular transcription factor that controls the transcription of various genes, underpinning neuronal plasticity and long‐term memory. In the advent of molecular genetics in that various types of new tools have become available with relative ease, ODP research has lightly adopted in the rodent model the original concepts and methodologies. Here, after briefly tracing the strategic maturation of our quest, the review moves to the later development of the field, with the emphasis placed around the following issues: (a) Are we testing ODP per se? (b) What does monocular deprivation deprive of the immature cortex? (c) The critical importance of binocular competition, (d) What is the adult plasticity? (e) Excitation–Inhibition balance in local circuits, and (f) Species differences in the animal models.