A comparative analysis of two paddy irrigation schemes under contrasting water management of participatory and top-down systems in Uganda
A comparative analysis of two paddy irrigation schemes under contrasting water management of participatory and top-down systems in Uganda
复制标题
乌干达参与式和自上而下系统水管理对比下两种水稻灌溉方案的比较分析
DOI：
10.1007/s10333-019-00745-y
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Masayoshi Satoh
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Paul Ayella;Atsushi Ishii;Masayoshi Satoh
本研究以乌干达Doho（1000公顷）和Lwoba（700公顷）两个大规模水稻灌溉计划为研究对象，对影响水资源管理有效性的主要因素进行了比较分析。这些计划的灌溉和耕作条件几乎相同，但在Doho和Lwoba分别采用了参与式和自上而下的水管理方法。针对两个方案中的农民进行了关于其耕作、产量和水管理评价的问卷调查，并通过关注其农场的位置来分析结果。调查显示，Lwoba的平均产量高于Doho。特别是在终端渠水位的下游部分，发现Doho农民对水分配的评价较低的趋势。Doho拥有政府在主要设施中的运作，农场系统中有农民的运作。相比之下，Lwoba的水资源管理完全由整个计划的一个地主控制，任命街区领导人、水警卫和监督员，监督员以农民的身份监视街区领导人及其子女。房东有强烈的动机获得更高和稳定的租金收入，因此需要这种强大的监测和反馈系统来实现公平的水资源管理。它的结论是，成功实现更高的水生产率的PIM的框架内，主要问题之一是安装一个实际有效的系统，以确保公平的水分配在民主的方式。
This research focused on two large-scale paddy irrigation schemes of Doho (1000 ha) and Lwoba (700 ha) in Uganda for a comparative analysis of major factors affecting the effectiveness of water management. The schemes have almost the same irrigation and farming conditions, while they adopt contrasting water management methods of participatory and top-down in Doho and Lwoba, respectively. A questionnaire survey targeting the farmers in both schemes on their farming, yields and evaluation of water management was conducted, and the results were analyzed by paying attention to the locations of their farms. The survey reveals that the average yield is higher in Lwoba than in Doho. A tendency of lower evaluation on water distribution by farmers in Doho is found especially in the downstream part at the terminal canal level. Doho has the government’s operation in the main facilities with farmer operation in the on-farm systems. In contrast, the water management in Lwoba is totally controlled by a single landlord of the whole scheme, appointing block leaders, water guards and supervisor who watch the block leaders and his children as farmer to spy on the block leaders. The landlord has strong incentives for higher and stable rent income, thus requiring this strong monitoring and feedback system to achieve equitable water management. It is concluded that for the successful achievement of higher water productivity within the framework of PIM, one of the main problems is to install a practically effective system to secure the equitable water distribution in a democratic manner.