Incorporating evolutionary history into conservation planning in biodiversity hotspots
Incorporating evolutionary history into conservation planning in biodiversity hotspots
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DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2014.0014
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发表时间：
2015-02-19
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
Forest, Felix
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Buerki, Sven;Callmander, Martin W.;Forest, Felix
越来越多的证据表明，将进化历史直接纳入保护行动是有益的，特别是考虑到灭绝可能不是随机的，而且系统发育多样性（PD）的丧失速度高于物种多样性。这一证据在生物多样性热点地区更加引人注目，例如马达加斯加，那里仅存不到 10% 的原始植被。在这里，我们利用豆科这一生态和经济上重要的植物家族，并结合系统发育学和物种分布模型来评估生物多样性模式，并确定对形成这种多样性非常重要的区域、共同进化过程和生态因素，特别是在第四纪期间。我们证明，物种分布和群落 PD 是通过流域边界预测的，这使得能够识别避难所和扩散走廊网络，这对于在过去的气候变化期间维持群落完整性可能很重要。在该岛西南部的低海拔地区发现了系统发育上聚集的群落，它们具有一系列形态特征（特别是果实形态），表明与其主要分散者（已灭绝和现存的狐猴）共同进化。在海平面的东海岸发现了系统发育上过度分散的群落，可能是由于马达加斯加较干燥和季节性较强的地区的许多独立分散事件造成的。
There is increased evidence that incorporating evolutionary history directly in conservation actions is beneficial, particularly given the likelihood that extinction is not random and that phylogenetic diversity (PD) is lost at higher rates than species diversity. This evidence is even more compelling in biodiversity hotspots, such as Madagascar, where less than 10% of the original vegetation remains. Here, we use the Leguminosae, an ecologically and economically important plant family, and a combination of phylogenetics and species distribution modelling, to assess biodiversity patterns and identify regions, coevolutionary processes and ecological factors that are important in shaping this diversity, especially during the Quaternary. We show evidence that species distribution and community PD are predicted by watershed boundaries, which enable the identification of a network of refugia and dispersal corridors that were perhaps important for maintaining community integrity during past climate change. Phylogenetically clustered communities are found in the southwest of the island at low elevation and share a suite of morphological characters (especially fruit morphology) indicative of coevolution with their main dispersers, the extinct and extant lemurs. Phylogenetically over-dispersed communities are found along the eastern coast at sea level and may have resulted from many independent dispersal events from the drier and more seasonal regions of Madagascar.