Historic cycles of fragmentation and expansion in Parnassius smintheus (Papilionidae) inferred using mitochondrial DNA
Historic cycles of fragmentation and expansion in Parnassius smintheus (Papilionidae) inferred using mitochondrial DNA
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DOI：
10.1111/j.0014-3820.2004.tb01578.x
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发表时间：
2004-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Martin, AP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
DeChaine, EG;Martin, AP
第四纪的气候振荡驱动了生态系统的反复扩张和收缩。高山生物可能在温暖的间冰期（例如现在）被隔离在天空岛避难所中，并在冰期期间通过下坡迁移扩大了它们的范围。我们使用群体遗传和系统发育方法来推断古气候事件如何影响主要高山蝴蝶 Parnassius smintheus 的遗传变异分布。我们对来自落基山脉 20 个地点（从科罗拉多州南部到蒙大拿州北部）的 385 名个体的 789 bp 细胞色素氧化酶 I 区域进行了测序。分析揭示了落基山脉北部和南部至少有两个多样性中心和强大的人口结构。嵌套进化枝分析表明，该物种经历了种群扩张和破碎的反复循环。假设有分子钟，这些事件的估计年龄与过去 40 万年栖息地扩张和收缩的古气候数据相对应。我们认为，高山蝴蝶在间冰期期间持续存在于由孤立的天空岛屿组成的群岛中，并且在寒冷的冰期期间种群数量扩大并变得更加紧密。群岛模型意味着遗传漂变和选择的影响因种群而异，具体取决于其纬度、面积和当地环境。高山生物是气候变化的敏感指标，它们的历史可用于预测高海拔生态系统如何应对进一步的气候变暖。
Climate oscillations of the Quaternary drove the repeated expansion and contraction of ecosystems. Alpine organisms were probably isolated in sky island refugia during warm interglacials, such as now, and expanded their range by migrating down-slope during glacial periods. We used population genetic and phylogenetic approaches to infer how paleoclimatic events influenced the distribution of genetic variation in the predominantly alpine butterfly Parnassius smintheus. We sequenced a 789 bp region of cytochrome oxidase I for 385 individuals from 20 locations throughout the Rocky Mountains, ranging from southern Colorado to northern Montana. Analyses revealed at lease two centers of diversity in the northern and southern Rocky Mountains and strong population structure. Nested clade analysis suggested that the species experienced repeated cycles of population expansion and fragmentation. The estimated ages of these events, assuming a molecular clock, corresponded with paleoclimatic data on habitat expansion and contraction over the past 400,000 years. We propose that alpine butterflies persisted in an archipelago of isolated sky islands during interglacials and that populations expanded and became more connected during cold glacial periods. An archipelago model implies that the effects of genetic drift and selection varied among populations, depending on their latitude, area, and local environment. Alpine organisms are sensitive indicators of climate change and their history can be used to predict how high-elevation ecosystems might respond to further climate warming.