Meta-Analysis of Insecticides in United States Surface Waters: Status and Future Implications.
Meta-Analysis of Insecticides in United States Surface Waters: Status and Future Implications.
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DOI：
10.1021/acs.est.8b04651
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发表时间：
2018-11
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
J. Wolfram;Sebastian Stehle;S. Bub;L. Petschick;R. Schulz
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Wolfram;Sebastian Stehle;S. Bub;L. Petschick;R. Schulz
农业杀虫剂出现在美国的地表水中，但我们对它们目前和未来对生物多样性的大规模风险的了解受到限制。在这里，我们对美国地表水和沉积物中测得的杀虫剂浓度(MICS；n=5817；1962-2017)进行了荟萃分析，报告了32种重要杀虫剂化合物及其降解产物(n=6)的259项同行评议科学研究。为了评估总体和特定物质的生态风险和未来影响，将MIC与美国环境保护局的官方监管阈值水平(RTL)和杀虫剂使用趋势进行了比较。大约一半的MIC，即49.4%(在覆盖的644个地点中占69.7%)超过了它们的RTL，这表明美国水生生态系统的完整性面临重大风险，监管风险评估程序可能存在缺陷。总体而言，拟除虫菊酯的超标率最高(80.7%；n=1808)，其次是有机磷和氨基甲酸酯(42.2%，n=2618)和有机氯(33.3%，n=468)。发现新烟碱类化合物的使用趋势明显增加，超过了其慢性RTL，即由于新烟碱类化合物̀在地表水中的持久性而具有高度相关性，占MIC的56.8%(急性RTL为22.2%)。对杀虫剂使用趋势的回归分析，尽管需要谨慎解释，但表明未来拟除虫菊酯和新烟碱等几种高风险杀虫剂的使用量将增加，这表明美国地表水、生物多样性和濒危物种的预期风险增加。
Agricultural insecticides occur in U.S. surface waters, yet our knowledge of their current and potential future large-scale risks for biodiversity is restricted. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis of measured insecticide concentrations (MICs; n = 5817; 1962-2017) in U.S. surface waters and sediments reported in 259 peer-reviewed scientific studies for 32 important insecticide compounds and their degradation products ( n = 6). To assess overall and substance-specific ecological risks and future implications, MICs were compared with official U.S. Environmental Protection Agency regulatory threshold levels (RTLs) and insecticide use trends. Approximately half of the MICs, i.e., 49.4% (at 69.7% of the 644 sites covered), exceeded their RTLs, indicating substantial risks to the integrity of U.S. aquatic ecosystems and potential shortcomings of regulatory risk assessment procedures. Overall, pyrethroids had the highest exceedance rate (80.7%; n = 1808), followed by organophosphates and carbamates (42.2%, n = 2618), and organochlorines (33.3%, n = 468). Pronounced increasing use trends were found for neonicotinoids, which exceeded their chronic RTLs, i.e., those of high relevance due to neonicotinoids̀ persistence in surface waters, for 56.8% of MICs (22.2% for acute RTLs). A regression analysis of insecticide use trends, although to be interpreted with care, indicated a future increase in applied amounts of several high risk insecticides such as pyrethroids and neonicotinoids, suggesting elevated prospective risks for U.S. surface waters, biodiversity, and endangered species.