The Importance of Contract Design
The Importance of Contract Design
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1540-6210.2012.02537.x
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发表时间：
2012-09
影响因子：
8.3
通讯作者：
Yong Woon Kim;T. Brown
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Yong Woon Kim;T. Brown
本文使用来自联邦采购数据系统的5年数据，研究了三个联邦机构（卫生与公众服务部、国防部和国土安全部）的合同设计决策。三个基本的合同设计元素是图表类型（固定价格与成本报销）、长度和价值——从简单到复杂的产品。这三家机构的大部分采购都采用短期固定价格合同。这种基本的合同设计允许代理机构利用竞争的好处：创新和成本效率。然而，国防部和国土安全部经常通过修改初始协议来大幅增加合同的长度和价值。这种方法放弃了竞争的好处，并可能使代理商面临成本超支、交货延迟和产品质量下降的风险。
This article examines the contract design decisions of three federal agencies—the Departments of Health and Human Services, Defense, and Homeland Security—using five years of data from the Federal Procurement Data System. Three basic contract design elements are charted—type (fixed price versus cost reimbursement), length, and value—across simple to complex products. All three agencies use short-term, fixed-price contracts for the majority of the purchases that they make. This basic contract design allows agencies to tap the benefits of competition: innovation and cost-efficiency. However, the Departments of Defense and Homeland Security often dramatically increase the length and value of contracts through modifications to initial agreements. This approach forgoes the benefits of competition and may expose the agency to the risk of cost overruns, delivery delays, and diminished product quality.