5-Hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) in the gastrointestinal tract.
5-Hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) in the gastrointestinal tract.
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DOI：
10.1097/med.0b013e32835bc703
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发表时间：
2013-02
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Gershon MD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gershon MD
虽然肠道含有人体内的大部分5-羟色胺(5-HT)，但它的许多最重要的功能最近才被发现。这篇综述总结了这一新的知识爆发，并将注意力集中在这一点上。传统上，肠内分泌细胞被认为是压力传感器，它分泌5-羟色胺来启动蠕动反射；然而，最近对肠道嗜铬细胞(TPH1KO)或神经元(TPH2KO)选择性缺乏5-羟色胺的研究表明，神经元5-羟色胺对构成胃肠道的运输比肠内分泌细胞更重要。然而，TPH2KO小鼠的肠道神经系统也缺乏完整的神经元；因此，尚不清楚TPH2KO动物的缓慢传输是由于它们的神经元缺乏还是缺乏5-羟色胺能神经传递。神经元性5-羟色胺促进粘膜的生长/维持以及神经发生。肠内分泌细胞来源的5-羟色胺是胃肠道炎症反应的重要组成部分；因此，5-羟色胺转运体的缺失增加，而TPH1KO降低肠道炎症的严重程度。此外，肠内分泌细胞来源的5-羟色胺也是一种激素，可以抑制成骨细胞的增殖，促进肝脏再生。新的研究表明，肠道5-羟色胺是一种多功能的信号分子，在发育和成熟的动物中都作为神经递质旁分泌因子、内分泌激素和生长因子发挥作用。
Although the gut contains most of the body’s 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), many of its most important functions have recently been discovered. This review summarizes and directs attention to this new burst of knowledge. Enteroendocrine cells have classically been regarded as pressure sensors, which secrete 5-HT to initiate peristaltic reflexes; nevertheless, recent data obtained from studies of mice that selectively lack 5-HT either in enterochromaffin cells (deletion of tryptophan hydroxylase 1 knockout; TPH1KO) or neurons (TPH2KO) imply that neuronal 5-HT is more important for constitutive gastrointestinal transit than that of enteroendocrine cells. The enteric nervous system of TPH2KO mice, however, also lacks a full complement of neurons; therefore, it is not clear whether slow transit in TPH2KO animals is due to their neuronal deficiency or absence of serotonergic neurotransmission. Neuronal 5-HT promotes the growth/maintenance of the mucosa as well as neurogenesis. Enteroendocrine cell derived 5-HT is an essential component of the gastrointestinal inflammatory response; thus, deletion of the serotonin transporter increases, whereas TPH1KO decreases the severity of intestinal inflammation. Enteroendocrine cell derived 5-HT, moreover, is also a hormone, which inhibits osteoblast proliferation and promotes hepatic regeneration. New studies show that enteric 5-HT is a polyfunctional signalling molecule, acting both in developing and mature animals as a neurotransmitter paracrine factor, endocrine hormone and growth factor.