MUTUAL POLICING AND REPRESSION OF COMPETITION IN THE EVOLUTION OF COOPERATIVE GROUPS
MUTUAL POLICING AND REPRESSION OF COMPETITION IN THE EVOLUTION OF COOPERATIVE GROUPS
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DOI：
10.1038/377520a0
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发表时间：
1995-10-12
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
FRANK, SA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
FRANK, SA
进化论尚未解释较低水平单位之间的竞争如何在较高水平进化单位的形成中被抑制（1，2）。例如，早期进化的关键问题是，小的个体复制因子如何形成足够复杂的合作群体，以允许精确复制遗传物质（3）。令人困惑的是，为什么寄生虫没有通过从群体中获得利益而破坏细胞的形成，而不会促进增强繁殖的共同特征（4）。这些寄生虫会在竞争中胜过细胞内的其他复制因子，破坏亚基之间的生殖公平性，破坏群体的功能一致性。类似的问题出现在进化的后期，细胞内亚基（染色体）的有序孟德尔分离，生殖公平仍然是昆虫（5）和人类社会（6）进化中的一个问题。在这里，我提出了一个简单的模型，以显示生殖公平如何在亚基之间演变，以创建功能的一致性和更高层次的单位。自我约束，根据亲属选择系数的相关性，是不够的：相互监督和生殖公平的执行也需要不断增加的社会复杂性的演变。
EVOLUTIONARY theory has not explained how competition among lower level units is suppressed in the formation of higher-level evolutionary units(1,2). For example, the key problem of early evolution is how small, individual replicators formed cooperative groups of sufficient complexity to allow accurate copying of the genetic material(3). The puzzle is why parasites did not subvert the formation of cells by obtaining benefits from the group without contributing to shared traits that enhance reproduction(4). These parasites would outcompete other replicators within the cell, disrupting reproductive fairness among subunits and destroying the functional coherence of the group. A similar problem arose at a later evolutionary stage with the orderly mendelian segregation of subunits (chromosomes) within cells, and reproductive fairness continued to be a problem in the evolution of insect(5) and human societies(6). Here I present a simple model to show how reproductive fairness evolves among subunits to create functional coherence and higher-level units. Self-restraint, which evolves according to the kin-selection coefficient of relatedness, is not sufficient: mutual policing and enforcement of reproductive fairness are also required for the evolution of increasing social complexity.